The human psyche is mysterious in nature. What is schizophrenia - a disease or a different perception of the outside world, different from thinking, the perception of most people - there is no consensus among psychiatrists. The percentage of disorder among people, regardless of social, natural conditions, is always constant - 1%.
Schizophrenia - what is it?
In translation from ancient Greek schizophrenia the meaning is shiso - splitting, frenio is a soul. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a loss of the unity of mental functions (thinking, emotions, perception) by their dissociative and slow / rapid personality changes. Psychopathological disorders in the disease are expressed in emotional impoverishment, introverted. The diagnosis of schizophrenia in the international classification of ICD-10 has the code F 20.
Schizophrenia - the causes of
The diverse symptomatology of the disorder does not give an unambiguous answer to the question of the origin of this psychopathology. Specialists, the causes of schizophrenia, are conditionally divided into 3 groups:
- Biological reasons : genetic predisposition, the use by the mother during pregnancy of psychoactive substances, transmitted during pregnancy, viral / bacterial infections (herpes, rubella, toxoplasmosis), autoimmune theory, neurobiological - impaired transmission of the "hormone of happiness" serotonin.
- Psychological hypotheses : archaic thinking becomes active and is expressed in the vagueness of judgments, "dual messages" - "do not lie!", While parents themselves constantly cheat, "I love you very much" - the child is stroked emotionally "cold" on the head. Incongruent messages lead to serious disorders: the existential theory - the inner world of a person is self-sufficient for him, other models of perception of the world are rejected.
- Social factors : in cities the percentage of schizophrenia is higher than in villages, cruelty in the family; low stress resistance, severe psychological trauma .
Is schizophrenia inherited?
Several centuries ago there was no genetic expertise, people tried to stay away from families with "crazy" relatives - this was a kind of indicator of sinfulness. Today, young people who are serious about relationships try to find out their partner's pedigree before they bind themselves by marriage, but it also happens that it turns out when a woman is pregnant, whether there is a chance that schizophrenia will inherit the child, in this case it is necessary Genetic consultation. World statistics give percentages of disease probability:
- schizophrenia suffer mother, father, grandmother, grandfather - 46%;
- identical twins - up to 50%, raznoyaytsevye twins (if one of the parents is sick) - 18%;
- sick for one member of a family of two generations - 12%;
- siblings - 6%;
- upset in one of the parents, or at the grandmother, grandfather - 5%;
- cousins - 2%;
- without "burdened" heredity - 1%.
Signs of Schizophrenia
What is schizophrenia in symptomatic manifestations and how to suspect a disease. The first signs of schizophrenia occur more often in the period from 14-25 years, but can manifest themselves in childhood and more mature age. Psychiatrists describe the primary symptoms that should:
- isolation (withdrawal into one's own experiences);
- ambivalence of feelings - "love / hate";
- a decrease in the will of "chronic laziness" - a person for no reason refuses to attend school, work, lost interest in everything that he used to love;
- affective inadequacy - inadequately responds to events: laughs, learns of the tragic event and cries in response to the joyful;
- mood swings - panic attacks, unmotivated fear.
Signs of schizophrenia in women - behavior
The debut of the disease in women falls on the age of 20 to 25 years, can provoke different factors: severe long-term stress, neurotic mentality, schizoid character accentuation, postpartum depression . Symptoms of schizophrenia in women:
- behavior - there are meaningless rituals. There is hysteria, irritability, aggression
- obsessive fears and suspiciousness, inventing the symptoms of non-existent diseases;
- emotional stupefying;
- poor facial expressions, the monotone mechanistic timbre of the voice;
- in the use of fictional words;
- vagrancy;
- untidy appearance: he wears the same clothes, ceases to observe personal hygiene, does not comb his hair;
- neglects her duties with regard to children, her husband.
Signs of schizophrenia in men - behavior
The first anxiety bell of the disorder occurs in men at an earlier age than in women, at the age of 18 - 29 years. The symptoms of schizophrenia in men are the same, but with some differences in the course of the disease:
- autistic and introverted are more pronounced;
- the active phases of the disease last longer;
- pronounced resonance (wisecracking);
- almost can not be cured.
Types of schizophrenia
What is schizophrenia in different classifications? The symptomatic picture of the disease depends on the type of disorder. Psychiatrists described a variety of clinical forms and subspecies. Classical types of schizophrenia. Simple schizophrenia is a continuously flowing form (slow):
- emotional instability;
- hypovolemia;
- cruel acts;
- resonance;
- the disintegration of thoughts;
- autism.
The nuclear current of simple schizophrenia (rapid, early dementia):
- emotional impoverishment;
- simple hallucinations;
- pseudo headache with "unusual" symptoms ("does not feel the frontal part of the brain").
Paranoid schizophrenia (hallucinatory-paranoid):
- true and pseudo-hallucinations in the early stages of the disease;
- delusional ideas (delirium of jealousy, persecution);
- increasing autism;
- unreasonable fears;
- verbal hallucinations in the form of dialogue / monologue;
- in malignant course (debut in adolescence) delirium becomes fantastic (delusion reincarnation).
Catatonic schizophrenia contains 2 stages:
- Catatonic stupor - freezing in a certain position, waxy flexibility. If a person's head is raised above the pillow, he can maintain this position for a long time. The patient sits for hours stare at one point, in the imagination draws pictures, where he is a positive hero.
- Catatonic excitation (motor, speech). The patients are aggressive, suddenly jump up and run. Vivid fantastic hallucinations.
Gebefrenic schizophrenia (debut in adolescence):
- foolishness and causeless laughter;
- absurd behavior;
- an increase in negative symptoms;
- the rapid disintegration of the personality with the disturbance of thinking.
Sluggish schizophrenia ( schizotypal disorder ) as a diagnosis is not in the classification, but continues to be used by Russian psychiatrists, diagnosis is complicated by the absence of typical symptoms. What is sluggish schizophrenia in symptoms is:
- eccentricity;
- eccentricity in the manner of dressing, pretentiousness of speech;
- "Magical" perception of the world;
- changes in thinking are minor.
Shuboobraznaya schizophrenia (paroxysmal-progredient form) - has 3 forms of the disease with characteristic symptoms:
- Malignant - early debut (10-12 years). Mental episodes before the year, the intermission is insignificant, eventually disappears. A persistent mental defect persists.
- The paranoid form is the gradual immersion of the personality into oneself. Paranoid thoughts: people start to cause suspicion. Delirium of persecution.
- Schizophrenia coat-like form - similar to sluggish. Symptoms: mania, depressive states .
Is schizophrenia treated or not?
The diagnosis of "schizophrenia" is made after careful examination, observation of the patient. Disorder to the end is not curable, 20-25% are disabled, with severe forms of leakage, 80% of cases are likely permanent remission, normal life in society. A simple form of schizophrenia is very difficult to treat due to the malignancy of the course, today it is rare.
Treatment of schizophrenia
How to cure schizophrenia, psychiatrists are asked this question in each case of the disease. The success of treatment depends on several components:
- drug therapy;
- normalization of metabolism in the brain tissues (ECT, insulin-shock therapy);
- psychotherapy (individual, group sessions, cognitive-behavioral therapy);
- prevention - the systematic use of drugs helps to avoid relapse;
- support of relatives.
People, faced with a disease in their relatives, are wondering how to behave with a schizophrenic patient, doctors recommend:
- Providing comfortable, safe conditions.
- Acceptance and understanding.
- Control of compliance with medication.
Preparations for the treatment of schizophrenia
Drug medication disorder includes injections and pills from schizophrenia. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, prescribe groups of drugs.
- Neuroleptics : sedatives - aminazine, clozapine; antipsychotic - tryptazine, haloperidol, parnasan.
- T rankvilizatory - fenazepam, bromazepam, diazepam.
- Antidepressants - pirlindol, amitriptyline.
Treatment of schizophrenia with folk remedies
Official medicine as a medicine for schizophrenia is not recognized, the patient only aggravates his condition, but herbal therapy is used in addition to therapy:
- a bath with the addition of aspen leaves - has a sedative effect;
- broth chamomile - improves sleep;
- cones of hops, lavender sewn into a pillow produce a calming effect.
Nutrition for schizophrenia
Diet in schizophrenia is a full-fledged diet and must contain the necessary substances. An indicative list of products for "antischizophrenic diet":
- low-fat fish;
- lean meat;
- products rich in vitamins of group B (cereals from whole grains, bran bread);
- "Antidepressant" products: bananas, almonds, strawberries, honey.
- natural fruits and vegetables.