Contribute to the disease common and local hypothermia, infection of the mucous membrane of the larynx by viruses, bacteria, chemical and thermal burns, occupational hazards, voice overstrain.
Symptoms of acute laryngitis
When the disease is marked by such symptoms:
- puffiness, reddening of the laryngeal mucosa;
- dryness and perspiration in the throat;
- cough (first dry, then wet);
- hoarseness;
- possible rise of temperature.
Types of acute laryngitis
- Acute catarrhal laryngitis. This species is characterized by a frequent dry, excruciating cough that changes to wet. The temperature is usually normal. On examination, swelling and incomplete closure of the vocal folds are revealed.
- Acute stenosing laryngitis (false croup) is an acute inflammatory process in the larynx, which sometimes trachea and bronchi. Often observed in the initial stage of acute respiratory viral infection, but may be due to the attachment of a bacterial infection. There is difficulty in breathing, spasm, redness and swelling of the mucous larynx, barking paroxysmal cough. This disease is more common and is more difficult to tolerate in childhood.
- Acute phlegmonous laryngitis - with this type of disease, the inflammatory purulent process captures muscles and laryngeal ligaments, sometimes cartilage. It is caused by an infectious flora (streptococci, staphylococcus, etc.). Patients experience general malaise, fever, severe sore throat, dyspnea, partial or complete closure of the laryngeal lumen (stenosis).
- Acute obstructive laryngitis (viral croup) is characterized by fever, barking cough, hoarseness, dyspnea with the development of respiratory failure. This changes the lymph and blood circulation in the larynx, narrowing the laryngeal lumen. Breathing becomes noisy, whistling or bubbling. In connection with the physiological characteristics of this type of disease is more often observed in children under 3 years.
Treatment of acute laryngitis
Depending on the form of the disease, the doctor decides how to treat acute laryngitis. First of all, it is necessary to observe the regime of silence, not to take hot, hot food, to quit smoking. It is used medicamental and physiotherapy treatment. Basically, this is a local application of antibiotics, decongestants, expectorants, as well as ultraviolet irradiation, Novocain electrophoresis on the neck area, UHF therapy.
If there is stenosis, then depending on its severity, it is necessary:
- restoration of airway patency;
- providing wide access to oxygen, moist air;
- use of sedatives;
- hypertensive solutions intravenously (to reduce edema of the mucosa), etc.
In the most severe cases, with acute stenosis of the larynx, intubation or tracheostomy is indicated. This is the introduction of the tube into the larynx and trachea when breathing is disturbed.
In the presence of an abscess (accumulation of pus in the tissues of the mucosa), an autopsy is performed.
Treatment of acute laryngitis with folk remedies
Medical treatment of acute laryngitis can be combined with the application of traditional medicine recipes. Namely, the following methods are effective:
- a warm drink (milk with mineral water and honey);
- gargling with a decoction of chamomile, sage, calendula;
- warm compress on the neck;
- steam inhalations with essential oils of mint, eucalyptus.
Prevention of acute laryngitis
An important role in preventing the onset of the disease and its transition to a chronic form is played by the elimination of adverse factors - inhalation of harmful chemicals, tobacco smoke, increased voice loads. It is necessary to carry out gradual hardening of the organism, vitaminization, rationalize nutrition. Remember about the correct microclimate of the room - humidity about 60%, temperature 18-20 ° C. These conditions will prevent dryness of the mucous membranes.