Pathological changes in the walls of blood vessels, their fragility and reduced elasticity often lead to hemorrhagic stroke. Hemorrhage in the brain is a very dangerous condition, the mortality after it is more than 40% of the total number of cases. Therefore, it is so important to recognize the hemorrhagic stroke as early as possible and seek help.
Causes of cerebral hemorrhage
The most common factor provoking the rupture of blood vessels is hypertensive disease and hypertensive crisis. In other situations, the following causes of stroke are diagnosed:
- atherosclerosis;
- changes in the structure of blood vessels in the brain due to inflammatory processes;
- blood pathology;
- avitaminosis;
- acute intoxication;
- ischemia of the heart;
- cancer of the brain;
- mechanical damage to the skull;
- hemorrhagic diathesis;
- encephalitis;
- vascular aneurysm;
- diabetes;
- amyloid damage of blood vessels.
In rare cases, it is not possible to establish the exact cause.
Symptoms of hemorrhage to the brain
The clinical picture of the condition in question depends on factors such as the intensity of tissue damage, the department in which the vessel ruptured, the rate at which the biological fluid entered.
Common signs of hemorrhage in the brain:
- depression of consciousness;
- severe and severe headache;
- convulsions;
- vomiting.
If the hemorrhagic stroke has affected the cerebellum, the following symptoms stand out:
- forced tilt of the head to the side;
- miosis;
- violation of the rhythm of breathing;
- violation of coordination of movements (ataxia);
- dizziness;
- increased pain in the nape of the neck.
When the gray and white matter of the brain is damaged, it is noted:
- asteroognosis;
- convulsive seizures;
- decreased muscle tone;
- anosognosia;
- hemiplegia;
- increased excitability of the nervous system;
- deterioration of orientation in space;
- pathological traps;
- abulia.
When the hemorrhage occurred in the deep parts of the organ, there is such a clinic:
- bradycardia ;
- loss of consciousness;
- hyperthermia;
- no pupillary reaction to light;
- oppression by hemodynamic;
- impaired breathing;
- vomiting;
- the extinction of reflexes;
- hemiplegia.
Extensive hemorrhage into the brain leads to a coma, often deep, from which it is very difficult to withdraw the patient. After such a complication, the risk of a lethal outcome increases (by 30-35%).
The consequences of hemorrhagic stroke or extensive cerebral hemorrhage
The most dangerous are the first few months after the attack, especially if the victim fell into a coma. The longer it is in this state, the worse the focal complications are:
- paralysis of the muscles of the face and tongue;
- loss of sensitivity by the limbs or half of the body;
- speech disorder;
- severe decrease in visual acuity;
- violation of the psyche.
In addition, another 12 months after hemorrhagic stroke, a re-hemorrhage is possible, which can aggravate the situation or increase the risk of death.
It is important to note that even during the rehabilitation period (24-36 months), negative consequences can still appear, especially in terms of muscle functionality and sensitivity.
Treatment of cerebral hemorrhage
Therapy consists of several stages:
- Normalization of blood pressure through hypotensive and sedative drugs.
- Elimination of pain syndrome with analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Prevention of swelling (dexamethasone, osmotic diuretics).
- Strengthening of the vascular wall, elasticity of capillaries by means of hemostatics.
- Restoration of brain functions using nootropics.
After the normalization of the patient's condition, rehabilitation, observance of the regime of work and rest, correction of the diet is of great importance.
In rare cases, a neurosurgical intervention is prescribed to eliminate foci of blood effusion, hematoma.