Hyperglycemic coma - emergency aid (algorithm)

Hyperglycemic coma is a condition caused by an insulin deficiency in the body. Most often, a coma associated with insulin deficiency is a complication in diabetes mellitus . In addition, this condition can arise as a result of stopping the injection of insulin or insufficient intake of insulin. The algorithm of emergency care for hyperglycemic coma should be known to everyone who has a diabetic patient in the family.

Symptoms of hyperglycemic coma and the algorithm of emergency care

Symptomatic manifestations of hyperglycemic coma is associated with intoxication of the body with ketones, a violation of the acid-base balance and dehydration. Hyperglycemic coma develops within a day (and even a longer period of time). The harbingers of a coma are:

• headache;
• lack of appetite;
• nausea;
• thirst and a feeling of dryness in the mouth;
• coated tongue;
• the smell of acetone from the mouth;
• diarrheal disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• pressure reduction;
• apathy;
• drowsiness;
• amnesia;
• low muscle tone;
• increased frequency of urination.

If you ignore the obvious precomatom signs and the lack of adequate measures, eventually the person falls into an unconscious state.

Emergency first aid for hyperglycemic coma is the implementation of a number of consecutive activities. First of all, you should call an "An ambulance". In anticipation of the arrival of specialists, the algorithm of action to provide emergency care for hyperglycemic coma is as follows:

1. Give the patient a horizontal position.
2. Loosen the belt, belt, tie; to unfasten clasps on tight clothes.
3. To exercise control over the language (it is important that it does not fuse!)
4. Make an injection of insulin .
5. Monitor the pressure. With a significant decrease in blood pressure, give a drink that increases the pressure.
6. Provide a copious drink.

Provision of emergency medical care for hyperglycemic coma

The patient in a coma is hospitalized without fail. In the hospital the following activities are carried out:

1. Initially, spray, then drip insulin.
2. Make a lavage of the stomach, put a cleansing enema with 4% sodium bicarbonate solution.
3. They put a dropper with physiological solution, Ringer's solution.
4. 5% glucose is injected every 4 hours.
5. A 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate is introduced.

The medical staff determines the level of glycemia and pressure every hour.