Fractures of bones

Bone fracture occurs when their integrity is damaged. As a rule, this happens because of an injury: when it falls, when under its own weight, the shock is so strong that the bone is destroyed, either in the event of an accident or in production, due to external forces. In more rare cases, pathological processes in the body associated with autoimmune diseases lead to the fact that bone tissue becomes fragile, and with any unsuccessful movement, the joint or bone is damaged with a relatively weak impact against a solid object.

In any case, whatever the breakthrough is caused, it carries a danger: a damaged limb or any other part of the body can lose part of its functions permanently if the patient is not rendered medical assistance on time. Therefore, the main responsibility lies not only in the medical profession, but also those who are close to the victim: in the case of fractures, first aid is of great importance.

First aid for fractures of bones

Fracture of humerus. These fractures account for about 7% of all fractures. First of all, the arm must be completely immobilized (including the shoulder). This is done with the help of a tire or improvised means, acting in its role: boards, long rulers, etc. The tire is applied from both sides and fixed with a bandage. With severe pain, the victim should be given an anesthetic and taken to the trauma department on a stretcher if the injury is extensive. If there is a suspicion of a fracture and the symptoms of the fracture are not pronounced, then it is permissible to do without stretchers. It is very important that the shoulder does not move during transportation.

Fracture of pelvic bones. This is one of the most dangerous fractures after the cranium, the risk of death is high. Such a fracture occurs with a strong impact, an accident, and is accompanied by the fact that the victim can not move without acute pain, and with severe trauma and can not change the position of the body at all. The main task of those who happened to be near the victim is to call an ambulance, since it is practically impossible to immobilize the damaged part outside medical conditions. The greatest danger here is damage to the internal organs and frequent cases of traumatic shock. The patient is transferred on a stretcher, putting a roller under his head and knees.

Fracture of the bones of the nose. Most often, such a trauma occurs during a street fight or sports training. Less often it happens when falling in a domestic environment. Since a fracture of the nose is accompanied by bleeding, it is necessary to attempt to stop it: attach ice wrapped in a towel or frozen meat to the nose area. The victim should not tilt his head back strongly, it is better to keep it slightly inclined. Sometimes you can not stop bleeding on site, so in any case, you need to seek medical help: doctors will do an x-ray and, with a fracture of the bone, will make a reposition with a bias.

Fracture of the skull bones. This is the most dangerous type of fracture, tk. can damage the brain substance and cause severe blood loss. First of all, you need to call an ambulance, because often it is necessary to undertake resuscitation measures to support vital activity. While waiting for an ambulance, put the patient on his back, with an open wound, close the fracture with sterile napkins. You can also apply cold, which will help reduce swelling. Give the patient pain medications with sleeping pills is not recommended until the first medical examination.

Fractures of the bones of the extremities. This is one of the most frequent fractures. First of all, if the fracture is open, the limb is tied slightly above the injury site to stop the blood (leave the bandage no longer than 1.5 hours). Before the arrival of the ambulance, it is desirable to impose a tire to immobilize the limb and joint, and also to apply ice and give an anesthetic.

Rehabilitation after fractures of bones

Bones after fracture are restored on average for 1.5 - 3 months. It depends on the type of injury, and on the presence of complications, and on how qualified and first aid was rendered of high quality.

Rehabilitation after removal of gypsum (in most cases of fractures) is to perform the following procedures:

1. Classes of physiotherapy exercises (with fractures of limbs).
2. Physiotherapy.
3. The intake of vitamins with a high content of calcium.
4. Massage.

Sometimes for a full recovery it is necessary to conduct several such courses with a break in 2 weeks.