Perception is one of the basic mental cognitive processes that forms a subjective picture of the world in our minds. Reflection in the mind of a person occurs through direct influence on the sense organs, which include sight, hearing, smell and touch. From that to which sensory system the impact depends, the methods of perception also depend. It is perception that gives us the opportunity to realize what is happening to us and how the world affects us.
Peculiarities of perception
Perception, as well as other cognitive processes, has certain characteristics that distinguish it from the background of others.
- Subject. Quality, which is formed under the influence of the environment on us. From this it emerges that objectivity is not innate. The main contribution to its development is made by touches and movements that allow us to master the objective world around us.
- Integrity and structure. The mechanisms of perception allow us to divide some objects into "details" without violating their integrity. Evaluating an object, we recognize its integral structure and can make its qualities and properties.
- Constancy. Constancy is understood as the relative stability of length, magnitude, shape, color, illumination. For example, a stool we perceive equally large regardless of whether it is worth a step away from us or at the other end of the corridor.
- Selectivity. The process of perception can also be characterized by selectivity. It is thanks to it that we perceive only that information from our environment that we need. An example is the statement "a person hears only what he wants to hear"
As has been said before, the development of perception, or rather the characteristics inherent in it, occurs as the child grows up. This is manifested in the fact that the form of the object becomes more significant for the child. Even in infancy, a person learns to recognize people and objects around him. The quantitative indicator of chaotic movements falls, while the number of targeted body movements increases. The active development of perceptions continues until the younger school age.
This mental process, like all the others, can not develop properly, so a very relevant topic in our time is the study of impaired perception.
Causes of various anomalies in the development of understanding of what is happening may serve as disruptions in the connection between the systems of sense organs and their corresponding brain centers, as a result of trauma or morphological changes in the body.
Even if you select any one violation, then its description will take up a lot of space. Violation leads to a lot of other regressive processes in the body, which makes it even more difficult for its symptoms.
Disturbances in the work of any sensory system may indicate a lesion of the corresponding area of the brain. For example, in case of topographical violation of perception, a person in the literal sense can "wander in three pines" because he has lost the ability to navigate the terrain. Severe alcoholic intoxication also affects the perception of a person, in this state, it is practically not sensitive, so it is difficult to reach it.
In general, even with a single impairment of perception, the basic needs of the organism may suffer, which in any case is an extremely undesirable and dangerous process.