Due to the long and severe ischemia of the heart muscle, irreversible pathological changes occur in its cells. They lead to disturbances in metabolic processes, as a result of which normal contractile tissue dies and is replaced by a connective tissue. So the heart attack occurs - the symptoms and the first signs of the approach of this dangerous state are important to recognize early on in order to be in time to provide the necessary help, to avoid a lethal outcome.
When and how do the first signs and specific symptoms of myocardial infarction appear in women?
Up to 50 years in the female body produces a large number of estrogens, which contribute to the periodic expansion of coronary vessels. For this reason, men suffer from a heart attack 2 times more often than representatives of the beautiful half of humanity.
After the menopause, the statistics change dramatically, and more women turn to heart attacks. Therefore, at the age of 45-50 years, it is important for them to pay attention to the slightest changes in health.
Conditionally, it is possible to divide all clinical manifestations of pathology into 2 categories - distant and near. In the first case, the detection of characteristic symptoms helps prevent an attack, in the second - to avoid complications and even save lives.
The long-term signs of a heart attack include:
- soreness and bleeding gums;
- arrhythmia;
- sleep apnea syndrome, severe snoring;
- prolonged, unreasonable fatigue;
- insomnia;
- gastrointestinal disorders;
- nausea and vomiting;
- swelling of the feet, especially the feet;
- shortness of breath, shortness of breath with small physical exertion;
- angina pectoris;
- frequent headaches;
- periodic discomfort in the left shoulder;
- regular urination to urinate at night.
The appearance of even a small number of symptoms from this list should be the reason for an immediate appeal to the cardiologist.
The near symptoms and the first signs of a large heart attack include a drop in pressure relative to the average individual indices of a woman. In addition, the following clinical manifestations of pathology are observed:
- burning, heaviness, tingling, stiffness or pain in the left side of the chest;
- increased sweating;
- dizziness accompanied by nausea;
- irradiation of pain in the arm, shoulder, abdomen, jaw, left side of neck;
- numbness of hands and fingers;
- a state of panic, a strong anxiety and a fear of death;
- an intense attack of dyspnea;
- deterioration of coordination of movements;
- slurred speech;
- bronchospasm with pulmonary edema;
- neurosis;
- pain in the upper abdomen, as in pancreatitis;
- impaired consciousness;
- change the clarity of vision;
- no effect of taking Nitroglycerin Tablets.
This symptom indicates an imminent approach of an attack, which can happen within a few hours or days.
First aid in detecting symptoms and the very first signs of a heart attack
Noticing the specific clinical manifestations of a large heart attack, you need to first call a team of doctors, immediately explain the situation to them.
Before the arrival of doctors, it is possible to conduct such activities:
- Lay the woman on the surface with a slight uplift of the upper torso.
- Unbutton tight clothes, open the window, thereby ensuring the influx of fresh air.
- Give 1 tablet of Aspirin and Nitroglycerin.
- In agreement with specialists, you can also give 1 tablet of Analgin.
- Stop panic by means of soft sedatives - tincture of valerian, Valocardinum.
All the time you need to monitor breathing, pressure and heart activity. When cardiac arrest, carry out emergency resuscitation:
- Short strong impact in the sternum.
- Indirect massage of the heart.
- Artificial respiration by mouth-to-nose or mouth-to-mouth.
These manipulations are effective only in the first seconds after the incident.
The first signs and characteristic symptoms of myocardial infarction on the ECG
Confirm the diagnosis, find out the type of attack and prescribe the appropriate treatment only after careful
The figure shows that the characteristic features of ECG in acute and extensive heart attacks are:
- absence of a tooth R;
- long tooth Q;
- pathological upward incision of the ST segment;
- subsequent depression of the ST segment;
- negative value of the T wave.