Brucellosis is an infectious pathology, usually transmitted from animals with milk and other unprocessed foods. Fortunately, the disease is not widespread in our regions, but there is still a risk of getting sick.
Ways of infection
Infection among animals often occurs within the herd, and if one animal is sick, after a while all will fall ill. The risk of brucellosis infection is in people who have direct contact with the products of vital activity of sick animals:
- milkmaids collecting cow's milk;
- veterinarians, who are engaged in the treatment of animals;
- butchers, who slaughter cows or pigs;
- laboratories for quality control of meat;
- lovers of fresh milk.
If we talk about whether brucellosis is transmitted from person to person, then it is possible to answer in the affirmative. There are cases of infection by sexually transmitted disease.
Signs of brucellosis in humans
Symptoms of this pathology can manifest themselves all together, and only some of them. It is this that complicates the diagnosis, in consequence of which cases of going to the clinic with the already started stage of the disease are not uncommon. Manifestations of brucellosis:
- sleep disturbance;
- migraine;
- aching pain in the muscles;
- The skin of the face turns red, and his hands and feet turn pale;
- rapid weight loss;
- vomiting and diarrhea;
- often enlarged liver and spleen.
Brucellosis is also accompanied by concomitant diseases:
- myocarditis , pericarditis and other heart diseases;
- the reproductive system - endometritis, amenorrhea, infertility;
- joints are often affected by arthritis, bursitis, myositis;
- nervous system - encephalitis, meningitis, neuritis and others;
- lungs - pneumonia, bronchitis;
- eye diseases;
- hepatitis.
The most common complaints are from patients:
- increased lymph nodes ;
- temperature increase;
- excessive sweating, usually at night;
- weakness;
- the formation of painful knots in the muscles and tendons.
Diagnosis of human brucellosis
For the beginning the doctor conducts a survey, makes an anamnesis and a general clinical picture. For an accurate diagnosis, the patient is assigned a series of tests for human brucellosis:
- Wright's reaction;
- Brunet's test;
- serological diagnosis;
- Bacussis fluid lymph nodes.
Treatment of brucellosis in humans
Today, the treatment of brucellosis is not particularly difficult, unless the pathology is not brought to a chronic stage. First of all, combinations of antibiotics and therapy against intoxication of the body are used. For successful recovery, the patient is given a course of immunostimulants. If there are strong painful sensations, the patient is given a novocain blockade. How best to treat human brucellosis is primarily determined by the severity of the stage in which it was detected.
Brucellosis in humans has a favorable prognosis for recovery. In the case of chronic forms - there can be a number of complications. They are especially dangerous for pregnant women. After full recovery the patient is recommended to be observed in the clinic for another two years.
Ways to avoid infection
To prevent disease, vaccine is often used
- vaccination of animals;
- compliance with hygiene after contact with a sick animal;
- and also do not need to use non-pasteurized raw milk.
When contact with a sick animal still occurred, the patient is shown a doctor's observation even if no symptoms of pathology are observed.