Beta-blockers are called drugs that can temporarily block beta-adrenergic receptors. These funds are most often assigned when:
- therapy of cardiac arrhythmia;
- the need to prevent repeated myocardial infarction ;
- treatment of hypertension.
What is beta-adrenergic receptors?
Beta-adrenergic receptors are receptors that react to hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline and are divided into three groups:
- β1 - predominantly localized in the heart, and with their stimulation there is an increase in the strength and frequency of contractions of the heart, blood pressure rises; also β1-adrenergic receptors are present in the kidneys and serve as receptors of the near-lobe apparatus;
- β2 - receptors, which are found in bronchioles and stimulate their expansion and elimination of bronchospasm; also these receptors are on the hepatic cells, and their stimulation by hormones promotes the cleavage of glycogen (reserve polysaccharide) and the release of glucose into the blood;
- β3 - localized in adipose tissue, under the influence of hormones activate the cleavage of fats, cause energy release and increased heat production.
Classification and list of drugs beta-blockers
Depending on which receptors are affected by beta-blockers, causing their blocking, these drugs are divided into two main groups.
Selective (cardioselective) beta-blockers
The action of these drugs is selective and directed to blockade of β1-adrenergic receptors (do not affect β2-receptors), with mainly cardiac effects observed:
- decrease in the force of contractions of the heart;
- reduction of heart rate;
- suppression of conduction through the atrio-ventricular node;
- decreased excitability of the heart.
This group includes such drugs:
- Atenolol (Athenoben, Prinorm, Hypoten, Tenolol, etc.);
- Bisoprolol (Concor, Bizomor, Coronale, Bisogamma, etc.);
- betaxolol (Glaoks, Kerlon, Lokren, Betoptik, etc.);
- metoprolol (Vazocardin, Betaloc, Corvitol, Logimax, etc.);
- Nebivolol (Binelol, Nebilet, Nebivator);
- talinolol (Cordanum);
- esmolol (Breviblock).
Non-selective beta-blockers
These drugs are able to block both β1 and β2-adrenoreceptors, have antihypertensive, anti-angry, antiarrhythmic and membrane-stabilizing action. These drugs also cause an increase in the tone of the bronchi, the tone of the arterioles, the tone of the uterus, and the growth of peripheral vascular resistance.
This includes the following drugs:
- propranolol (Anaprilin, Propamine, Noloten, Inderal, etc.);
- bopindolol (Sandinorm);
- Levobunolol (Wistagen);
- nadolol (Korgard);
- Oxprenolol (Trazicor, Coretal);
- ovonol (Vistagan);
- pindolol (Vickin, Viscaldix);
- sotalol (Sotagexal, Sotalex).
- timolol (Okumed, Arutimol, Fotil, Glukomol, etc.).
Beta-blockers of the latest generation
Preparations of the new, third, generation are characterized by additional vasodilating properties due to blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors. The list of modern beta-blockers includes:
- carvedilol (Acridilol, Vedicardol, Carvedigamma, Rekardium, etc.);
- celiprolol (Tselipres);
- bucindolol.
To clarify the list of drugs beta-blockers with tachycardia, it is worth noting that in this case, the most effective drugs that help reduce heart rate,
Contraindications to the use of beta-blockers
The main contraindications for these drugs are:
- bronchial asthma;
- low pressure;
- syndrome of weakness of the sinus node;
- pathology of peripheral arteries;
- bradycardia;
- cardiogenic shock ;
- atrioventricular block of the second or third degree.