The term "vacuum extraction of the fetus" is usually used to designate in obstetrics a procedure in which the extraction of an infant during labor is performed using a special device. Let us consider in more detail such a technique as vacuum extraction of the fetus, the consequences of its carrying out, indications for implementation, we will tell about the mechanism.
Indications for vacuum extraction of the fetus
This procedure is not widespread. With normal delivery, no complications, no need to use it. Vacuum extraction is planned by doctors in advance, if it is impossible to withdraw the fetus in another way. It is conducted under such conditions:
1. Indications from the pregnant:
- complications of the gestation process of various origin;
- weak labor activity in the second period of delivery;
- infectious-septic processes in the reproductive system, accompanied by a deterioration in overall health, a febrile state.
2. From the side of the fetus:
- progressive, acute hypoxia , which can lead to death;
- distress syndrome in the second stage of labor - a sharp deterioration in vital signs associated with the adaptive process.
Vacuum extraction - machinery
The operation "vacuum extraction of the fetus" can not be carried out always. There are factors, the presence of which is a prerequisite for its conduct:
- full cervical dilatation;
- matching the size of the baby's head to the size of the mother's pelvis;
- the head is located in the cavity of the pelvis and is turned to the occiput to its exit.
Only in the presence of all these factors can be performed vacuum extraction of the fetus. The procedure itself consists of the following steps:
- Introduction of the cup of the apparatus through the vagina and its location on the head of the baby.
- Create a negative pressure between the baby's head and the inner surface of the extractor's cup part.
- Fetal extraction.
- Removing the cup from the surface of the head, by gradually reducing the pressure in the apparatus.
Complications of vacuum extraction of the fetus
Vacuum extraction at delivery is rarely used, not only because of the complexity of the procedure, but also because of frequent complications. To avoid them, the doctor must have experience of the procedure. The main complications of manipulation include:
- slipping the extractor cup off the head;
- lack of dynamics of head advancement through the birth canal;
- traumatization of the baby: damage to the central nervous system, development of hematoma;
- damage to the genital tract in women.
Hematoma after vacuum extraction is a frequent complication. Its development is caused by a violation of the procedure for the procedure, technical inaccuracies, untimely conduct of individual stages of manipulation. The condition requires observation of the newborn after withdrawal, appropriate treatment. With the development of repeated slipping, cups are resorted to other methods of delivery.
Consequences and manifestations of vacuum extraction of the fetus
Vacuum extraction requires a large experience of obstetricians and appropriate equipment to prevent the development of a disorder. Often, after manipulation of the kids, rehabilitation is required. Because of this, doctors rarely resort to such a procedure as vacuum extraction of the fetus, the consequences of which can be as follows:
- hemorrhage;
- violation of the integrity of the skin;
- formation of the deformity of the facial part (with incorrect choice of pressure, because of which there is a strong stretching of the head);
- hematoma.
Separately, it is necessary to say about the tubercle (knob), which forms on the surface of the head. It causes concern for parents. No special intervention is required. Doctors warn Mom that she resolves herself for 2-4 days. If this does not happen, you need to inform the doctor. To solve the problem, special ointments and creams are prescribed, which are applied to the surface of the baby's head.
The formation of a hematoma after vacuum extraction during labor has been performed is an indication for a comprehensive examination of crumbs. To prevent possible complications, appoint the following:
- Ultrasound of the brain;
- MRI;
- consultation of a neurologist.
Vacuum extraction of the fetus - consequences for the child
Vacuum extraction of the fetus is carried out using modern, soft cups, which are made of silicone. This allows you to reduce the risk of complications for the baby itself, which were previously recorded frequently. Among them are:
- damage to the soft tissues of the baby's head;
- cephalohematoma ;
- hemorrhage.
Vacuum extraction with frozen pregnancy
Vacuum extraction of the deceased fetus is an indispensable stage of medical care in case of a violation of the intrauterine development that resulted in the death of the baby. In such cases, obstetric forceps and vacuum extraction are auxiliary techniques. Capture the baby's head is first carried out by an extractor. With the impossibility of normal extraction, because of poor disclosure of the birth canal, midwives can also use forceps.