All existing types of greenhouses help to harvest all year round, without worrying about frosts and other unfavorable factors. Each type of device has its own advantages, which it is important to know before buying or creating a "vegetable garden under glass" with your own hands.
Types of greenhouses and their construction
Its main purpose is to obtain seedlings for open and closed soil, and also for the production of fresh vegetables. There are many classifications that reveal what kinds of greenhouses are, but the main one is that which distinguishes them according to the shape of the frame:
- arched;
- in the form of a pyramid;
- house;
- in the form of a submarine;
- tent;
- dome.
Types of winter greenhouses
Summer design is used exclusively in the warm season, because the source of heating in it is sunlight and biofuel - compost , manure or humus. Winter types of greenhouses are called capital ones - because, for the arrangement, a foundation is necessarily built. In addition to the energy of the sun and biofuels, technical means are used. Arrangement of them can have the following varieties:
- By type of heating. You need to know what types of greenhouses are popular - options with stove, solar and electric heating are more often used than with gas or water.
- Planting of plants. Plants are planted directly in the ground or separate containers, standing on special shelves.
- On building materials . The structure could be either brick or wood, glass or polycarbonate.
Types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate
This thermoplastic is called an excellent alternative to glass because of its high transparency and light weight. There are many types and sizes of greenhouses, made of polycarbonate of two types - cellular and monolithic. The first has a cellular structure, and the second has no cavities inside. Any polycarbonate greenhouse belongs to one of the following:
- Construction for subsidiary farming. Its area is from 100 to 500 square meters, on which it is possible to grow vegetables and greens all year round: a suitable option for farmers.
- Private greenhouse. The area of the covering does not exceed 100 square meters, for the construction a collapsible frame is used.
- Industrial greenhouse. Occupies more than 500 square meters and is used for growing for sale.
Greenhouses in the form of a house
The construction with a gable roof is a classic variant, which was popular long before the arched form. The house has only one significant disadvantage - an acute angle between slopes reduces the strength of the building. She also has advantages that cover this shortcoming:
- The roof does not limit the possibility of planting tall plants, as it does with arches.
- The area inside the structure is used as rationally as possible.
- Ventilation in can not be made easier by small ventilation.
Greenhouses in the form of a pyramid
Among the gardeners, the popular belief is that even dying plants can survive inside such polyhedra and bring an unprecedented harvest. This kind of greenhouses for cultivation does have its secrets - true, having nothing to do with the supernatural. The design of the pyramid helps to remove plants from hot air in summer days, in addition they can be placed in tiers and save considerable space.
Greenhouse in the form of a submarine
It happens that the owner of a private household develops the design of such a structure independently. No original types of greenhouses and their construction will be compared to a "submarine" in the country house for the cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes. Made such an exclusive construction of the frame, aluminum profile and polycarbonate plating. Transparent polymer material is preferred, because its light transmittance is 85%.
Greenhouse-dome
Thanks to the spherical structure, it is not susceptible to aggressive external influences. Such greenhouses stand confidently during a strong wind and are not afraid of earthquakes. The temperature in them is kept without additional heating: the difference in degrees between the external environment and the internal environment is compensated for by heating with solar rays penetrating through the transparent ceiling. Dome types of greenhouses and their construction have some features:
- The triangles that make up the structure can be collected and disassembled, which gives additional mobility.
- The material used to create it can be very diverse - scraps of metal pipes, wooden slats, plastic rhea.
- The geodesic sphere ensures the maximum flow of air and light.
Greenhouse on Mitlajderu
The construction of this type is called an "American hotbed" in the country of origin of its inventor. Jacob Mitlider arched greenhouses are simple to manufacture and have convenient windows for ventilation. There is also a gable of its analog with vertical walls. A feature of both designs is a two-level roof, which prevents the localization of warm air under the ceiling. The main advantages of the hothouse on Mitlajderu:
- A unique ventilation system - holes from one end of the building to the other, allowing you to save on equipment for ventilation.
- A sturdy frame - it protects against the pressure of snow accumulated on the roof or gusts of wind.
- Protection from high humidity and fungus - this kind of greenhouses is made of wood, which can be treated with a special antibacterial composition.
- Convenience of a garter of weaving plants - horizontal cross beams can be used as a support.