If there is a large thrombus in the venous system of the body, a fragment may separate from it, which often provokes the cessation of blood circulation in various parts of the respiratory system. As a result, pulmonary embolism occurs - the causes of this dangerous condition, as a rule, consist in already existing large blood clots located in deep veins.
When does the risk of thromboembolism increase?
To predisposing factors provoking a disruption of blood clotting and blood circulation, and hence - formation of thrombi, include:
- myocardial infarction ;
- conducting a surgical operation;
- overweight;
- fractures of the tibia or femur;
- stroke;
- long stay in motion, compliance with bed rest;
- hereditary deficiency in the production of inhibitors of blood clotting;
- oncological diseases;
- reception of oral contraceptives.
The main cause of thromboembolism of the artery is the presence of a large clot of blood (thrombus). Usually it is located in the deep veins of the pelvis or legs, less often - the hands or one of the chambers of the heart.
Causes of death in severe pulmonary artery thromboembolism
The condition in question ends in a lethal outcome in about 20% of cases. This is due to the fact that after a blockage of the pulmonary artery, the damaged branch practically ceases to be supplied with blood, and hence saturated with oxygen. As a result, hypoxia (oxygen starvation) of internal organs begins, there is a sharp decrease in blood pressure (hypotension), there is tachycardia, dyspnea, anaphylactic shock . Dysfunction of one of the ventricles of the heart, damage to the myocardium is observed. In a few days, a lung infarction may occur, in which the obstructed artery is located.