Penicillin is one of the most famous antibiotics in the history of mankind. According to a survey of the London Science Museum, the discovery of penicillin is on the second place in the ranking in the ranking of the greatest discoveries of mankind. Its discovery occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, and the active use of penicillin as a medicine was started during the Second World War.
Penicillin is a product of the life of the mold of Penicillium mold. Its curative effect extends to virtually all gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria (staphylococci, gonococci, spirochete, etc.).
The use of penicillin
The good tolerability of penicillin makes it possible to use it for a large number of diseases:
- sepsis;
- gas gangrene;
- meningococcal infection ;
- extensive lesions of the skin as a result of injuries;
- face;
- brain abscess;
- Sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis);
- high degree burns (3 and 4);
- cholecystitis;
- croupous and focal pneumonia;
- furunculosis;
- ophthalmic inflammation;
- ear diseases;
- infections of the upper respiratory tract.
In pediatric pediatrics, treatment with penicillin can be prescribed with:
- septicopyemia (a kind of sepsis with the formation of interrelated abscesses in different organs);
- septicemia of the umbilical region in newborns;
- otitis, pneumonia in newborns and in young children;
- purulent pleurisy and meningitis.
Forms of penicillin release
Penicillin produces in the form of a powder, which before injection is diluted with a special solution. The injections can be made intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously. Also penicillin solution can be used as inhalation and drops (for ears and eyes).
Preparations of penicillin group
Because of its effect on bacterial cells (suppression of chemical reactions necessary for the life and reproduction of bacterial cells), penicillin-based drugs are identified in a separate classification group. The preparations of the natural group of penicillin include:
- Procaine;
- Bicillin;
- Retarpen;
- Ospen;
- benzylpenicillin sodium salt;
- benzylpenicillin potassium salt.
Natural penicillins are inherent in the most sparing effect on the body. Over time, bacteria became resistant to natural penicillins and the pharmaceutical industry began to develop semisynthetic penicillins:
- Ampicillin;
- Oxycellin;
- Ampiox.
Side effects of semisynthetic drugs are more pronounced:
- disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
- dysbiosis;
- skin allergic reactions;
- anaphylactic shock.
Currently, the fourth generation of preparations containing penicillin has been developed.
Preparations of penicillin, almost all are destroyed by gastric acid and do not give the proper therapeutic effect. But there are drugs that contain penicillin, produced in tablets. The composition of these medicines added antacid substances that reduce the effect of gastric juices. Basically, these drugs belong to semi-synthetic substances:
- Amoxicillin in tablets;
- Amoxyl - CMS;
- Ospamox;
- Flemoxin.
As a rule, the reception of penicillin preparations in tablets is carried out regardless of meals for 5-10 days.
Other forms of release of penicillin group drugs
Some analogues of penicillin in tablets are available in the form of granules for the preparation of a suspension or capsules:
- Ospen;
- Hiconcile;
- Ospamox;
- Amoxiclav ;
- Bactox.
Such a dosage form is well suited for the treatment of childhood diseases. they can be dissolved in juices, milk, tea and other liquids.