There are 5 forms of anthroponous acute respiratory viral infections (AORVI). For a person, only 3 species of parainfluenza are dangerous, the remaining 2 types affect animals. The virus is transmitted exclusively by airborne droplets, in the surrounding atmosphere it loses vitality within 2-4 hours.
Pathogen parainfluenza
The described respiratory disease provokes RNA-genomic pathological cells. The parainfluenza virus takes on a different shape, which causes approximately the same symptoms. They are similar to banal hypothermia and are often mild, especially if a person's immune system is active. Because of this, the diagnosis of AORVI is difficult.
Paragripp 1 of type
This type of viral disease in therapeutic practice is referred to as HPIV-1. Children are more often affected by such parainfluenza - infectious diseases in the form of inflammation of the larynx and respiratory tract (croup) are provoked by the first form of pathology. Later the disease leads to constriction and bronchial obstruction. To avoid complications, it is important to recognize the parainfluenza in a timely manner - the symptoms and treatment of the virus will depend on the degree of its spread in the body. Progressing infection can provoke irreversible effects, including chronic bronchitis and asthma.
Paragripp 2 types
The considered form of AORVI is almost identical in structure to the first type of virus. Children 2 times more often affected by this parainfluenza - the features of the immunity of the child and its unstable functioning causes a high susceptibility of the organism to infectious pathology. HPIV-2 is the main cause of croup and its epidemiological outbreaks.
Paragripp 3 types
The specified type of virus disease affects people at any age, the infection is predisposed to insufficient activity of the immune system. Paragripp 3 forms are associated with the following problems:
- bronchiolitis;
- generalized edema of the respiratory tract and lungs;
- bacterial pneumonia (after attachment of secondary microbial infection);
- acute bronchitis .
This AORVI often causes severe complications. It is advisable to diagnose parainfluenza - symptoms and treatment of the respiratory effects of the disease at an early stage of progression, if adequate therapy started on time. Otherwise, the bronchi can become blocked by a mucous plug that provokes severe respiratory failure or hypoxia.
Paragripp - incubation period
The period of hidden multiplication of viral cells in the body before the appearance of obvious symptoms of pathology is 2-7 days. Parainfluenza is characterized by a slow spread and penetration into biological fluids (blood and lymph), but high contagiosity. A sick person is contagious 24 hours after infection, even if he does not yet have any signs of an ailment and there is no indication for treatment.
Paragripp symptoms
The clinical picture of the described pathology resembles a cold or hypothermia. Parainfluenza - symptoms in adults:
- hoarseness or hoarse voice;
- pain and redness in the throat;
- Percolation in the pharynx;
- an obsessive dry cough ("barking");
- lethargy, drowsiness;
- low temperature (up to 38 degrees);
- sometimes - a cold;
- headache;
- mild intoxication (nausea, joint aches);
- loss of appetite.
The stronger the immunity, the less imperceptible is the parainfluenza - symptoms and treatment in people with high resistance to infections do not even require treatment to the therapist. The organism independently copes with the virus and its respiratory manifestations in a few (3-5) days. With complete recovery of any complications, the disease in question does not cause.
Diagnosis of parainfluenza
Doctors are mainly limited to a routine examination of the patient and collection of an anamnesis, registering ARVI. Differential diagnosis of parainfluenza is necessary only in the presence of complications or the risk of their development against the background of weakened immunity. In order to distinguish anthropogenous infection from other viruses and start treatment in time, the following studies are carried out:
- express immunofluorescence;
- haemagglutination inhibition reaction;
- linked immunosorbent assay;
- complement fixation reaction;
- biochemical expanded blood test.
Paragripp - treatment
As with classical ARVI, there are no specific therapies for all forms of HPIV. The only way to eliminate parainfluenza is to alleviate the symptoms and treat the treatment that corresponds to the clinical picture. Recommendations of doctors:
- Bed or half-bed regime. Rest and full sleep will speed recovery.
- The use of warm drinks. Tea, fruit and berry compotes and fruit drinks soften the irritation of the pharynx and improve the excretion of toxins from the body.
- The intake of vitamins and minerals. Useful substances strengthen the immune system and help it fight the virus.
Symptomatic treatment corresponds to the signs that accompany parainfluenza - temperature, cough and runny nose. To eliminate these pathological manifestations are appointed:
- antipyretic ;
- mucolytics and bronchodilators;
- vasoconstrictor drops in the nose;
- antihistamines;
- painkillers;
- anti-inflammatory.
If a secondary bacterial infection is attached, the specialist will necessarily select an effective antibiotic. Before the appointment of an antimicrobial agent, the doctor will send phlegm (from the pharynx or nose) to a laboratory examination. This is necessary to identify the microorganisms that provoked the inflammatory process, and to establish their sensitivity to different drugs.
Complications of parainfluenza
In most situations, the prognosis with a described form of respiratory viral infection is favorable. Complications after parainfluenza occur in exceptional cases, they are associated with low activity of the body's defense system or immunodeficiencies. Existing dangerous consequences of AORVI:
- cereals (in children);
- bacterial pneumonia;
- acute bronchitis;
- laryngitis;
- obstruction of the airways;
- purulent sinusitis.
Prevention of parainfluenza
An effective measure of prevention of the virus in question is limiting contact with infected people. If a person from a close environment or a family member has become infected, it is necessary to isolate him as much as possible. It is desirable that the patient was in a separate room and ate from personal utensils. Other required activities:
- systematic ventilation;
- regular wet cleaning;
- if possible, quartz or use of aroma lamps with disinfectant esters;
- Frequent washing of hands and face.
The vaccine against parainfluenza has not yet been invented, so therapists advise themselves to engage in strengthening the immune system and increasing the body's resistance:
- Enrich the diet with amino acids, proteins and minerals.
- Seasonally take vitamins or dietary supplements.
- Practice hardening.
- To give time to physical exercises.
- Get enough sleep.