Among the drugs that are on hearing and causing agitation, one of the first places is meldonia, the action on the body of which interests not only doctors and patients, but also athletes, military and ordinary people who do not have special health problems. What for take meldonium, what effects come after its reception, we will consider further.
Meldonius - what is this drug?
Compound meldonium (Mildronate - the trade name of the drug) was developed in the seventies of the last century by the Latvian scientist Kalvinshem and was originally used in agriculture to stimulate the growth of animals, poultry and plants. The substance is a structural analogue of gamma-butyrobetaine, a precursor of carnitine, a substance produced in the body for important tasks. One of the functions of carnitine is related to metabolic processes and consists of transporting fatty acids into muscle cells, where fats are converted into energy.
Since 1984, meldoonia, the action on the body of which has been studied to this day, began to be officially applied in medicine. In 2012, he was included in the list of vital drugs in Russia, and in 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency banned this drug for use in professional sports (foreign researchers have determined that meldonium is doping). Today the drug is available in pharmacies in three forms: capsules, syrup and solution for injections.
Meldonium - the principle of action
We'll figure out what effect muldonium has on the tissues of the body. Since this compound, being an analogue of natural gamma-butyrobetaine, can lead to a decrease in the synthesis of carnitine, this entails a slowdown in the process of transferring fats to muscle cells. This effect is very important in the period of oxygen deficiency experienced by the heart muscle, since with the usual intake of fatty acids and simultaneous oxygen deficiency, incomplete oxidation of fatty acids occurs with the accumulation of harmful intermediates for the heart.
Along with the slowing of the metabolism of fatty acids under the influence of meldonia an increase in the metabolic rate of carbohydrates occurs, which requires a lower consumption of oxygen. Thanks to this, more efficient formation of ATP (energy source), restoring the balance between the need of cells in oxygen and its actual delivery with blood, eliminates the accumulation of toxic compounds in the cells.
In addition, together with these processes, an increase in the content of gamma-butyrobetaine, which has vasodilating properties, is observed. This consists in relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessels, widening the lumen of blood vessels, improving blood circulation, which is more directed towards the ishemic areas.
Let's enumerate all the main effects achieved with the reception of meldonia:
- myocardioprotective;
- antihypoxic;
- angioprotective;
- anti-anginal;
- improvement of blood circulation;
- tonic effect;
- increased endurance, working capacity;
- restoration of the energy reserve in a short time;
- decrease in the severity of symptoms of mental and physical overstrain;
- normalization of cellular immunity;
- elimination of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
What is the use of meldonium?
Given the effect on the body meldonium has, it is advisable to use it for various conditions associated with oxygen deficiency and increased stress. Often, for medical purposes, this drug is not the main drug and is not used separately, but is prescribed as part of a comprehensive medication. Meldonia testimony in medicine has the following:
- chronic heart failure;
- cardiac ischemia;
- myocardial infarction;
- angina pectoris;
- myocardial dystrophy;
- disruption of the functioning of the cardiovascular system of a functional nature in adolescence;
- neurocirculatory dystonia in adolescents;
- stroke of the brain;
- cerebrovascular insufficiency;
- eye diseases accompanied by impaired blood circulation in the retina of the eye;
- hemorrhage into the cavity of the eye;
- thrombosis of the central vein or branches of the eye retina;
- retinopathy of diabetic or hypertensive origin;
- alcohol abstinence;
- pathology of the respiratory system, accompanied by oxygen deficiency (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma);
- decrease in mental or physical performance of a different origin;
- Postoperative period after various surgical interventions.
Meldonium - application
Use meldonium in tablets, syrup or in injection form (intravenously, intramuscularly or parabulbar - introduction through the skin of the lower eyelid). Dosages, multiplicity and duration of reception are determined individually, depending on the diagnosis and severity of the patient's condition. It is worthwhile to understand that the drug can not be taken without medical purpose, because artificial interference in the normal functioning of the heart, violation of the metabolism established by nature can have negative consequences.
Meldonium for athletes
Knowing what effect muldonia can have on the body, it becomes clear why athletes use it. The tool is used in all kinds of sports activities: athletics, tennis, biathlon, wrestling, bodybuilding, swimming and others. Mildronate in sports is used to achieve the following effects:
- prevention of accumulation in the cells of harmful products of unacidified fatty acids;
- maintenance of energy metabolism in cardiac cells and improvement of their viability;
- increased myocardial contractility;
- improved muscle nutrition;
- increasing the intensity and effectiveness of training;
- reduction of fatigue;
- improvement of recovery of the body after exercise.
The average daily dosage of the drug for athletes is 15-20 mg per kilogram of weight in a capsule form. It is recommended to use the medication for 30-40 minutes before the start of the main workout. The course of admission is from one to those months, after which you should make a break for at least 1 month. Prior to the competition meldonium is accepted within 2-3 weeks, and during the competition - no longer than 14 days. At the moment, the drug is banned in large sports, and the participants, in whose blood this substance is detected, are disqualified.
Meldonias in Diabetes
Recently, mildonia has been used for type 2 and type 1 diabetes, based on studies that showed the possibility of a substance to reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood. At the same time, the concentration of insulin does not increase. Often with this disease, the drug is prescribed with the simultaneous use of metformin (a sugar-reducing agent from the biguanide class). Such treatment, in addition to reducing blood sugar, provides the following effects:
- prevention of endothelial dysfunction and loss of sensitivity to pain;
- support of the heart muscle, restoration of metabolic processes in it;
- prevention of the development of diabetic acidosis, neuropathy and obesity;
- prevention of retinal lesions.
Meldonias with arrhythmia of the heart
If the heart muscles work incorrectly, the normal heart rhythm is broken - an arrhythmia. In this case, experts can recommend meldonium, the application in medicine which shows good results. When using the drug in the complex therapy, it is possible to achieve stable stabilization of the rhythm of the heartbeats. Due to taking the drug in patients, the risk of developing angina pectoris , myocardial infarction is reduced.
Meldonium from pressure
Meldonium, whose effect on the body manifests itself more in terms of the functioning of the cardiovascular system, will be useful for patients with high blood pressure. Studies show that the drug, along with the main therapeutic effects (among which is an important vasodilating effect for reducing pressure), helps to reduce the increased level of cholesterol in the blood - a common cause of hypertension. In this case, patients can be recommended to use meldonium intramuscularly.
Meldonium with alcoholism
Effective meldonia from a hangover , manifestations of withdrawal symptoms in patients with chronic alcoholism. The drug not only improves well-being, but also prevents the onset of severe consequences associated with the effects of alcohol on the heart and brain. The average single dose in this case is 500 mg, which take 3-4 times a day for 7-10 days. Therapeutic courses are held at intervals of at least 1-2 months.
Meldoniy from fatigue
In some cases, the medicine meldoniy appointed for chronic fatigue associated with increased mental and mental stress, and when the body is exhausted due to a long-term disease. The drug, which has an excellent tonic effect, helps the body cope with the stresses without damage to the cardiovascular system, rather recover, get rid of weakness and drowsiness.
Meldonium - side effects
Let's enumerate what side effects meldoniy is capable of provoking:
- overexcitation, sleep disturbance;
- headache;
- dizziness;
- noise in ears;
- tremor;
- weakening of sensitivity;
- a sense of fear;
- change in blood pressure;
- tachycardia;
- discomfort in the heart;
- pallor or hyperemia;
- dyspepsia;
- cough;
- metallic taste in the mouth;
- dry mouth;
- abdominal pain;
- diarrhea;
- muscle spasms;
- swelling;
- allergic reactions (rash, itching, Quincke's edema) and others.
Does the mulberry get used to it?
It was found that meldonium and Mildronate, with prolonged use, are addictive in some people. Especially noticeable is the negative effect of athletes who, after stopping the use of the drug, begin to experience psychoemotional problems - a feeling of unpreparedness for training or competition, rapid fatigue, weakness.
Meldonium - contraindications for use
Medicinal preparation meldonium contraindications to the appointment has the following:
- individual sensitivity to the components of the drug;
- increased intracranial pressure;
- renal or hepatic insufficiency, severe;
- pregnancy, the period of breastfeeding.
Meldonium - analogues of the preparation
If it is not possible to take drugs containing meldonium, analogues exhibiting a similar pharmacological effect can be used in agreement with the doctor. Such medicines include:
- Dibikor;
- Vero-Riboxin;
- Berlition;
- Coenzyme Q10;
- Lipamid;
- Riboxin .