Contusion of the eyeball is a trauma to the organs of vision. The main reasons for its occurrence are blows on the eye with the fist or any blunt objects. The clinical picture of this pathology depends on its severity.
Symptoms of eye contusion
The severity of eye contusion of the eyeball is divided into 4 degrees:
- Contusion of the eyeball of 1 degree - the pain in the eye is insignificant, and the visual acuity decreases by only a few tenths. On the mucosa there are small hemorrhages, and the cornea swells, it is dull and erosion may appear on its surface. The pupil is narrow and reacts to light very sluggishly. When examined on the fundus there is a slight retinal edema, it has a grayish appearance.
- Contusion of the eyeball 2 degrees - pain in the eye is quite strong, photophobia and lachrymation are pronounced, the visual acuity of the patient is reduced to about a hundredth, but with the help of collective lenses, it can be partially improved. On the eyeball, hemorrhages under the conjunctiva and mixed injection are strongly pronounced. In some cases, disruptions of the conjunctiva may also be present. The cornea is thickened, there are erosions on its surface. The pupil is enlarged and does not react to light at all, since it is partially deformed.
- Contusion of the eyeball of the third degree - the pain in the eye is very strong, pronounced photophobia and sudden lacrimation are observed, visual acuity sharply decreases to hundredths, and on the deformed and hypotonic eyeball there appear significant hemorrhages. The eyeground is completely invisible and the anterior chamber is completely filled with blood. Sometimes a hemorrhage may be quite small, but there are other changes - pronounced iridodialysis, subluxation or dislocation of the lens, and iridonas.
- Contusion of the eyeball 4 degrees - usually at this stage comes the crushing of the eyeball, its detachment from the optic nerve, as well as dislocation from the orbit.
Treatment of eye contusion
Treatment of eye contusion is performed conservatively and surgically. With a trauma of 1 degree, cold is applied to the eye area and antibacterial drops are added, which improve the epithelialization of the cornea (solutions of Sulfacil sodium and Levomycetin, Vitasik). With contusions of moderate severity, cholinesterotic myotics are prescribed (Ezerin or Proserin drops).
To avoid severe consequences with eye contusions of the third and fourth degree eyeballs, an operation is performed - the application of a seam on the scleral wound surface. If the lens is dislocated, it is removed. If the integrity of the outer shells of the eye is violated, the patient must be given an anti-tetanus vaccination.