One of the most popular and effective antibiotics of a wide spectrum is Ceftriaxone, whose side effects should be studied as carefully as the indications before use. Consider what precautions should be followed during treatment with this antimicrobial agent.
Side Effects of Ceftriaxone
The intake of this antibiotic may be accompanied by allergic reactions, namely: urticaria, itching and rash. In rare cases, there is exudative erythema multiforme, bronchospasm or even anaphylactic shock.
Gastrointestinal organs can respond to taking the medicine with diarrhea or vice versa with constipation, as well as nausea, a violation of taste sensations. Sometimes side effects of the antibiotic Ceftriaxone are manifested in the form of glossitis (inflammation of the tongue) or stomatitis (painful sores on the oral mucosa). Patients can complain about abdominal pain (has a permanent character).
Specifically, the liver responds to ceftriaxone: its transaminases can increase activity, as well as alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin. In some cases, it is possible to develop pseudocholithiasis of the gallbladder or cholestatic jaundice.
Kidney reactions
According to the instruction, side effects of Ceftriaxone may consist in the violation of the kidneys, because of which the blood level rises:
- nitrogenous metabolic products (azotemia);
- creatinine (hypercreatininaemia);
- urea.
In urine, in turn, there may be:
- glucose (glucosuria);
- blood (hematuria);
- so-called cylinders - molds of proteins or cellular elements (cylindruria).
The amount of urine secreted by the kidneys can decrease (oliguria) or reach the zero mark (anuria).
Reaction of the hematopoietic system
On the organs of the creation of blood, the injections of Ceftriaxone can also give side effects, which consist in the reduction in the unit of blood of the corpuscles:
- red (erythrocytes) - anemia ;
- white (leukocytes) - leukopenia;
- neutrophilic leukocytes - neutropenia;
- granulocytes - granulocytopenia;
- lymphocytes - lymphocytopenia;
- thrombocytes - thrombocytopenia.
The concentration of plasma clotting factors in the blood unit may decrease, hypocoagulation may occur (poor coagulation of the blood), which is fraught with bleeding.
At the same time, in some cases, the side effect of Ceftriaxone is leukocytosis, an increase in the blood of white bodies.
Local and other reactions
When an antibiotic is injected into a vein, the inflammation of its wall (phlebitis) may develop, or the patient will simply begin to feel pain along the course of the vessel. When the drug is administered intramuscularly, there is sometimes an infiltration and painful sensations in the muscle.
To non-specific side effects of Ceftriaxone administration are:
- headache;
- Candidiasis ;
- dizziness;
- bleeding from the nose;
- superinfection (the development of resistance to the antibiotic, which causes one infection to grow into another).
Overdose and drug compatibility
In case of an overdose, symptomatic therapy is performed. There is no specific antidote eliminating the effect of Ceftriaxone; hemodialysis is ineffective. Therefore,
Ceftriaxone has other disadvantages: it interferes with the production of vitamin K, because, like any antibiotic, it suppresses the intestinal flora, so with it one should not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - this can increase the risk of bleeding. The medicine is incompatible with ethanol, therefore the intake of alcohol during treatment is contraindicated.
Aminoglycosides and Ceftriaxone, acting together, enhance the effect of each other (synergy) against gram-negative microbes.