Broccoli - growing and grooming in the open ground, simple rules for a good harvest

You can plant a huge amount of vegetables in your garden. Useful and tasty is broccoli, cultivation and care in the open ground followed by a certain rules of agricultural technology. There are two ways of planting with their nuances, which are important to consider, so that sprouts began.

Planting cabbage broccoli in the open ground

For successful cultivation, it is recommended to choose the right landing site correctly. Please note that other types of cabbage and beets should not have been grown on the site before. Planting of broccoli should be carried out on the illuminated territory, as this vegetable culture does not need artificial shading. Recommended for her increased humidity, so the ideal figure for air is 85%, and for the soil - 75%. Of great importance is the natural circulation of air.

Planting broccoli in the open ground - seeds

Planting material is allowed to be assembled alone or it can be bought at the store. Seeds sow to leave only large specimens. There is a certain scheme, how to plant broccoli in the open ground with seeds:

1. Important is the preliminary preparation of planting material, so first put it for 15-20 minutes. in warm water (temperature 50 ° C), and then, lower it for a minute in a cold one.
2. To disinfect and saturate the seeds with useful substances, it is necessary to lower them for 6-12 hours into a solution for which, for 1 liter of water, take 0.3-0.5 g of boric acid and 1 g of potassium permanganate. It is still useful to hold the seeds in the ash solution for 5-6 hours. To prepare it in 1 liter of water, add 1 tbsp. spoon of wood ash and insist before use for two days.
3. After all procedures, rinse the seeds and leave them for 24 hours on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. That they sprouted, put them on a damp cloth.
4. In open ground planting is carried out in moistened and fertilized soil. Cover the top with film or glass to create greenhouse conditions. It is recommended to remove the shelter after appearance of sprouts with a height of 1-2 cm.
5. When broccoli is sown, its cultivation and care in the open ground include the decimation of the plantations after 2-3 original sheets are formed. As a result, a distance of 40 cm should remain between the plants.

How to plant broccoli in the open ground with seedlings?

Recommendations for growing seedlings at home are similar to other vegetable crops. By transplanting into the open ground it will be ready for 30-40 days, when there are 5-6 leaves. There are a number of tips on how to plant broccoli in open ground:

1. A week before planting, it is recommended to temper the seedlings, for this on warm days, set the tanks for several hours in the open air.
2. In the prepared area make holes, taking into account that between them should be a distance of 35-40 cm, and between rows - 50-60 cm. The depth should correspond to the height of the seedling, and this is approximately 20-25 cm. In each pit, put 2 stems . ash and moisten the soil well.
3. Planting is recommended in the afternoon and best in cloudy weather.
4. To start broccoli seedlings, growing and care in the open ground means deepening the seedlings to the height of the stem, so that only the top remains on top. Note that you can not fill the ground with a growth point. If during the cultivation of seedlings no picks were made, then it is carried out at this time. Another tip - to develop a good root system, the main root should be nipped.

When to plant cabbage broccoli in the open ground?

Although this vegetable culture can tolerate temperature jumps, but not at the stage of planting, it is necessary to wait for the heat to land. Sowing seeds directly into the ground is recommended not before the first days of May. If you are wondering how to plant broccoli in the open ground with seedlings, then sowing seeds at home should start in the second half of May when using early varieties. To harvest in the summer, sow seeds for seedlings in the period from the end of April and until the middle of June. Sowing of late varieties is carried out at the end of June.

Broccoli cabbage - cultivation

For this vegetable culture, neighboring plantations and soil quality should be taken into account. It is important to mention that in the specifics of this species it is indicated that it is able to withstand frost on the soil, so up to -7 ° C and strong heat. The most comfortable temperature is 18-20 ° C. Finding out how to grow broccoli outdoors, it is worth pointing out that after harvesting the plant does not stop growing, so you do not need to remove bushes. After 2-3 weeks on the lateral shoots with proper care, new inflorescences are formed, but note that the second crop will be smaller and not so tasty.

Growing broccoli outdoors - soil

Best for this vegetable culture is suitable clay soil or land with a small amount of sand. To improve the agrotechnical characteristics of the selected site, it is recommended to fertilize with humus or chicken drop in autumn. Before the onset of winter, it is recommended to dig it. Note that growing broccoli outdoors should be done on alkaline soil, if acidity is increased, then add a little lime.

Joint planting with broccoli

Experienced gardeners argue that during the planting of vegetable crops, you need to consider their compatibility and incompatibility. When growing broccoli, keep in mind that it grows well next to potatoes, carrots, aubergines, pumpkin, pepper and cucumbers. Incompatibility, surprisingly many, manifests itself with cauliflower. As for berries, broccoli will grow well with strawberries, melons and currants.

Care for broccoli in open field

To obtain a rich harvest, it is necessary to comply with a number of recommendations concerning the care of this vegetable culture. To mandatory procedures include regular watering and fertilizing, and even loosening the soil and fighting pests. Care for broccoli in the open ground implies that a month after planting the bushes necessarily hills and loosen the soil in the basal zone. Note that at an early stage of development the seedlings are afraid of the sun, so cover them with lapnika or buckets.

Broiling the broccoli in the open ground

All kinds of this culture, including broccoli, are demanding for irrigation, but excessive moisture for this vegetable culture is unacceptable. If the soil is too moist, then attacks of various pests and attack of diseases are possible. Care for broccoli cabbage means moderate watering, but the drying of the soil is prohibited. In most cases, one irrigation per week is enough, but at elevated temperatures the amount should be increased. If it's too hot outside, then spray the plants in the evening.

Top dressing of broccoli in open ground

To form large heads, it is recommended to include regular feeding in the care.

1. The first time fertilizers are introduced two weeks after planting the seedlings. Use a solution of Mullein , given that 1 tbsp. organic should fall on a bucket of water. Put 1 teaspoon of urea into the solution. Instead of mullein, chicken manure can be used, mixing it with water in a proportion of 1:20. If the seeds are sown in the open ground, then fertilizer must be introduced 3 weeks after the appearance of the plantations.
2. Cultivation and care implies the second feeding in 2-3 weeks after the first fertilization. Use nitrate, adding a full matchbox to the bucket of water.
3. The third feeding of broccoli cabbage in the open ground is potash-phosphoric. Take 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium sulfate per 5 l of water.
4. When the central head is cut, in order to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots, use this solution in care: for 5 liters of water, take 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate. For each bush pour 1 liter of the finished solution.
5. For a good development of broccoli, growing and care in the open ground include fertilizing with wood ash, which must be scattered around the site, given that 1 square meter should be consumed per square meter.

Pests and diseases of broccoli

The shortcomings of this vegetable culture include the fact that it is very vulnerable to various diseases and pests. The most common problems are:

1. At the seedling stage, a black leg often appears, so it is not recommended to plant it on the spot where cruciferous cultures used to grow. That the problem does not appear, it is not necessary to thicken the plantations. Get rid of this disease, broccoli in most cases can not and seedlings have to be ripped out.
2. When growing in the open ground, it is possible to attack slugs and be saved from them if you sprinkle ground with a crushed egg shell.
3. All varieties suffer from caterpillars, which eventually grow into butterflies. To prevent their appearance, it is recommended to plant next to the broccoli marigold. If they do appear, then they should be deleted manually.
4. The most dangerous pests at a young age of this plant are sacral fleas. You can fight them with ground pepper or ash, which are sprinkled with planting.