Venereal lymphogranuloma refers to specific infections. More often the disease occurs in young people 20-30 years, leading an active sex life. However, in rare cases, transmission of infection is also possible through hygiene items.
Venereal lymphogranuloma - what is it?
The second name of the infection is the fourth venereal disease. It is provoked by a number of chlamydia , distinct from those that cause the known genitalia clamidiosis. However, the mechanism of penetration into the human body is similar. Prevalence for this disease is the sexual path. In this case, doctors do not exclude the possibility of penetration of the pathogen through hygiene items (household way).
The disease is widespread in countries of West and East Africa, Asia, South America, India. Cases registered in the countries of Europe and the CIS, in the majority are "imported" - infection occurs as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse with carriers of infection. The disease is easily identifiable by characteristic symptoms, which contributes to the timely initiation of therapy.
Pathogen of venereal lymphogranuloma
Studies have established that venereal lymphogranulomatosis is provoked by three serotypes of chlamydia: L1, L2, L3. In order for the disease to develop, it is necessary for the pathogen to penetrate through the damaged mucous membranes and skin. Later, chlamydia reaches the lymphatic tract, resulting in lymphangitis, lymphadenitis . These disorders are the initial stages of the pathology, the progression of which leads to the appearance of characteristic symptoms, a clinical picture. The first signs appear 3-10 days after infection.
Lymphogranulomatosis - Causes
Chlamydial lymphogranuloma occurs as a result of sexual contact. This way of penetration is basic. However, venereologists do not exclude the possibility of infection through hygiene items, households, which previously used the carrier of infection. It should be noted that lymphogranuloma is formed directly at the site of the pathogen in the body. So, with non-standard sexual intercourse, you can:
- vaginal;
- oral;
- anal granulomas.
Venereal lymphogranuloma - symptoms
From the moment the pathogen enters the body and before the inguinal lymphogranulomatosis develops, it lasts up to 10 days. At representatives of a male on a head of a member there is a small tubercle which increases in due course. In women, the venereal lymphogranuloma, the photo is located below, is localized on the labia and in the vagina. With non-standard sexual relations, the venereal lymphogranuloma can be formed:
- in the language;
- on the fingers of the hands;
- in the rectum.
First, at the site of infection, bubbles appear, small erosions, sores. They do not cause discomfort and pain. There is an increase in lymph nodes (inguinal, cervical, submandibular). As the spread of infection throughout the body, overall health worsens. Patients complain about:
- headache;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- temperature increase.
With localization in the rectum are possible:
- discharge from the anus;
- pain in the rectum;
- itching in the anal area.
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis - diagnosis
Chlamydial venereal lymphogranuloma is diagnosed on the basis of clinical picture, symptomatology. However, to confirm the diagnosis, doctors use laboratory methods:
- microscopic examination of the detachable;
- EIA;
- PCR .
In the diagnosis of this disease, other infections with similar symptoms are excluded:
- syphilis;
- lymphogranulomatosis;
- chancroid;
- lupus.
Chlamydial lymphogranuloma - analysis
It is possible to determine the Duran-Nicolas-Favre disease (chlamydial lymphogranuloma) without error by using the intradermal test - Frey's reaction. Allergen for analysis is prepared from the bubbles, ulcers. To carry out the sample, take 0.1 ml of control (without pathogen) and specific antigens, which are injected intradermally into the flexor surfaces of the forearm. The results of the test are evaluated after 48 hours.
The analysis is considered positive when a papule with a size of 5 mm in diameter and larger is formed at the injection site. In this case, the size of the erythema around the injection site is not taken into account. Frey's response to lymphogranuloma, according to statistics, confirms the diagnosis in almost 75% of cases, so the method is usually considered highly normative. The sample can be performed at any stage of the disease.
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis - treatment
Treatment of venereal lymphogranuloma is a long process. Therapy is always carried out in a complex way and is aimed at suppressing the growth and reproduction of chlamydia, and facilitating the patient's well-being. Algorithm of treatment is made individually, taking into account the stage of the disease, the presence of concomitant pathologies, age. The basis of therapeutic measures is the intake of antibacterial drugs. The dosage, the frequency of reception are set individually. Among the drugs used for the therapy of venereal lymphogranuloma:
- Doxal;
- Vibramycin;
- Medomycin;
- Erythromycin;
- Unidox-Solutab.
Duration of admission depends on the time of the beginning of treatment, the degree of damage to the body, the state of the patient's immune system. In most cases, the therapeutic process lasts 3-5 weeks. Periodically conducted diagnostic studies that determine the presence or absence of chlamydia in the body. If the recommendations issued by the doctor are not observed, the appointment is possible a relapse.