Among the numerous diseases of the female reproductive system, there are often those that can be cured only through surgical intervention. In this case, all gynecological operations can be divided into planned and emergency.
- Emergency procedures are performed immediately after a pathology has been established that requires urgent intervention. For example, with ectopic pregnancy, surgery should be performed as soon as possible, in view of the possibility of developing internal bleeding or peritonitis, which can lead to death.
- When planned, preliminary (preoperative) training of gynecological patients is carried out, which consists of a thorough examination. So, before the gynecological operation the woman gives numerous tests: blood, urine, ECG, ultrasound. Since general anesthesia is used for gynecological surgeries, doctors specify in advance the woman's tolerability of certain drugs and the presence of operations in the anamnesis.
Kinds
There are 2 main types of gynecological operations:
- cavitary;
- small.
The main difference is in the following: when the first is performed, the woman's abdominal wall is cut, and at the second, access is through the vagina.
Conducting cavitary gynecological operations, precedes the long-term presence of a woman in a hospital, during which preparation for surgery is conducted.
Preparation
Before the operation, a mandatory condition is adherence to the diet. Thus, in preparing for a gynecological operation, solid food is completely excluded from the diet of a woman. 12 hours before surgery, a woman is prescribed a laxative. In the case when a woman is very worried before the operation, sedatives are prescribed. Like any operation, a gynecological examination is performed on an empty bowel and bladder.
Small gynecological operations
This type of surgical intervention includes all operations in which the operated organ is the uterus, more precisely - its neck.
So quite often the operation relating to this species is the plastic of the cervix in the vaginal part of it. It is performed with the eversion of the cervical canal , as well as with its hypertrophy and chronic lateral ruptures of the cervix.
This type of gynecological operations is also performed when polyps are found. In case of untimely surgery, deformity of the cervix can develop, as well as bleeding and menstrual cycle disorders. In addition, polyps are often the precursors of cancer. As a rule, these gynecological operations are performed by laparoscopy.
Colposerinoplasty is also a form of small gynecological operations. It is performed in the presence of the probability of loss or omission of the vagina, as well as organs of the small pelvis. It involves the suturing of muscles located in the perineum, and the walls of the vagina.
Complications
The most common complications after gynecological operations are spikes,
Rehabilitation
Recovery (rehabilitation) after a gynecological surgery lasts a long time. It includes a set of activities aimed at the speedy return of a woman to a familiar life. Special attention is paid to the prevention of inflammatory diseases after proper gynecological surgery, along with proper nutrition. At first, a woman should adhere to a diet and avoid heavy physical exertion.