Millions of people die of tuberculosis every year. The disease is insidious: from the moment of infection to the development of the acute stage, it can take years. It is important to identify tuberculosis at the initial stage - the symptoms (the first signs) help in this, then it is easier to treat it.
Tuberculosis of the lungs - symptoms, first signs
The development of this disease is provoked by mycobacteria - a stick of Koch. This microorganism is tenacious. In water, bacteria can maintain their functionality up to 60 days, and on surfaces of various objects - up to 4 weeks. Even in a frozen environment, Koch's wand can live for dozens of years. Infection occurs as follows:
- airborne droplets (after communicating with the infected or carrier, staying in the same room with the patient);
- with food;
- placental way (from an infected mother to an infant);
- through objects of common use;
- through kisses and sexual intercourse.
How to recognize pulmonary tuberculosis depends on the stage of development of the disease. Distinguish the following stages of the disease:
- primary, in which the pathogen is in the lungs;
- latent (latent phase - at this stage, the infected does not infect other people);
- open form (very contagious);
- secondary stage (infection spreads throughout the body).
Closed form of tuberculosis
The main characteristics of this disease include the following characteristics:
- a positive result, which gives a skin test;
- absence of malaise;
- negative sputum analysis result;
- with radiography there are no visible changes in the lungs.
The closed form is not clean, otherwise the planet would not have a single uninfected person. However, you should not relax - you can not forget how tuberculosis of the lungs is manifested. At any time, the closed form can go into the open. At this stage the disease is very contagious, and it is accompanied by special signs. Having identified them in time, it is much easier to cope with the disease.
Open form of tuberculosis - symptoms
Clinical signs of the disease manifest only after the pathogen enters the blood. At the first stage, they are poorly visible, but as the disease progresses, the first symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis become pronounced. The following characteristics refer to the signs of a malaise in an acute form:
- sharp weight loss;
- increased fatigue;
- chest pain with tuberculosis;
- decreased efficiency;
- frequent changes of mood;
- fever.
Symptoms and first signs of tuberculosis include a severe cough - it is moist and frequent, with bloody impurities in the phlegm. If you identify several symptoms at the same time, you should immediately seek medical help. The lost time plays not in favor of the patient: the aggressive stage can develop. Here's how the open form of tuberculosis manifests:
- temperature at 39 ° C;
- severe severe cough;
- sweating during sleep;
- patients complain of weakness and fatigue.
How does tuberculosis appear?
This is a chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system, which is characterized by the formation of granuloma and bone destruction. More common is a disease that affects the spine. It occurs in 40% of cases. Disease of the hip and knee joints is much less common. It is noted in 20% of cases. With the same frequency, there is a disease of the upper limbs and ankle joints. Has such a tuberculosis symptoms (the first signs), which are very different from those that are inherent in other infectious diseases.
Distinguish the following stages of the disease:
- Primary ostitis, which is not diagnosed.
- Progressive uncomplicated form.
- Complicated progressive tuberculosis of bones symptoms is pronounced. At this stage, fistulas appear, the tissues are deformed and the length of the extremities varies.
- Progressive osteitis with destruction of bones.
- Osteoarthritis . This stage is observed in the phase of decay of the inflammatory process.
Tuberculosis of the intestine - symptoms
It is an infectious disease that is chronic. It is a secondary process that develops with a progressive form of the disease that attacks the lungs. Affected intestines are covered with tumor-like formations. Small nodules can also appear - granulomas. During the development of this disease, suppuration of the formation is observed, because of which bleeding wounds appear.
Symptoms of this ailment help to understand how tuberculosis of the intestine manifests itself. The signs of the disease depend on its severity. For this reason, the clinical picture can vary greatly. Help identify tuberculosis of the intestine first signs (symptoms) of the ailment, among which the brightest are the following:
- feverish condition;
- painful sensations in the navel, which increase during walking and performing work;
- increased fatigue;
- weakness;
- increased sweating.
Tuberculosis of the spine - symptoms
At the initial stage the disease proceeds without special signs. For a long time there may be a nonspecific clinical picture, according to which it is difficult to diagnose ailment. Along with that, spinal tuberculosis, the first signs (symptoms) can be given by the following:
- back pain of varying intensity, the localization of which corresponds to the location of the focus;
- pathological changes in the shape of the spine;
- limitations in mobility and loss of sensitivity.
All these symptoms (the first signs) of spinal tuberculosis manifest along with other distinctive features of the disease - fever, weakness and malaise. Such a clinical picture entitles the doctor to only assume a diagnosis. However, he will deliver the final conclusion only after a complete examination. The following procedures help to identify tuberculosis of bones and joints or the spine:
- Ultrasound;
- radiography;
- MRI;
- CT scan;
- biopsy.
Tuberculosis of the liver
This ailment develops in a weakened organism, without the strength to fight. There are many reasons for this: overwork, excessive stress, lack of sleep, bad habits, poor ecology, malnutrition. This form of the disease is manifested when the patient experiences pain for pulmonary tuberculosis for a while. The miliary variety of the disease is more often diagnosed.
Hepatic tuberculosis first signs (symptoms) manifests the following:
- pain in the right hypochondrium;
- anorexia;
- impaired liver function;
- fever of unknown origin;
- jaundice;
- enlargement of the liver;
- weakness;
- increased body temperature;
- a breakdown and so on.
It is difficult to say exactly, after how much tuberculosis is manifested after infection. It can take from 3 to 12 weeks, and sometimes years, before the first symptoms of an illness become apparent. Diagnosis of the disease will help the following procedures:
- scanning of the liver;
- biopsy ;
- laparoscopy;
- echography.
Tuberculosis of lymph nodes - symptoms, early signs
This disease can proceed both against the background of pulmonary pathology, and as an independent disease. Several lymph nodes are affected at once: most often these are submandibular, jugular and pre-hormonal. Traditionally, the disease occurs in chronic form and begins with tissue tightening. Tuberculosis of lymph nodes is manifested by the following symptoms:
- pallor or cyanosis of the skin;
- increased lymph nodes;
- painful sensations in the area of compaction;
- prostration;
- high body temperature.
The symptoms depend on the stage of the ailment:
- The infiltration form is characterized by the manifestation of primary symptoms that are mildly expressed;
- Caseous stage (fibrosis develops);
- recurrent stage (signs are pronounced and severe pain, as in lung lesions);
- a severe form that can lead to death.
Warty tuberculosis of the skin
There are 2 ways of infection: endogenous and exogenous. The first can be preceded by severe pain in the back with pulmonary tuberculosis or the spine. The infectious process actively develops and proceeds in internal organs, and after pathogens infect the skin. When exogenous pathway infection occurs from the outside. His victims are often veterinarians and butchers.
Knowing how tuberculosis manifests in the early stages facilitates the process of recovery. Ill, having noticed at itself characteristic displays, should address immediately to the doctor:
- rashes;
- chills;
- prostration;
- decreased immunity;
- positive Mantoux test.
Tuberculosis of the eye - symptoms, first signs
With this ailment, the visual organ is damaged and its functioning is disrupted. The disease is treacherous, because its inherent symptoms can be manifested in patients with varying intensity and frequency. Some patients mistakenly take such symptoms for the harbingers of less dangerous diseases. Time is wasted and the situation is only aggravated.
The first stage of tuberculosis is the symptoms:
- increased tear;
- swelling of the eyelids;
- increase near the auricle of the lymph node;
- partial loss of vision.
Tuberculosis of the kidneys and urinary tract
A long illness can take place without special signs. Often by the time the first symptoms are revealed, tuberculosis has time to acquire a complicated form. As a result, fighting with it requires more efforts and medicines. Here are the first symptoms of tuberculosis that can be observed in a patient:
- painful sensations in the lumbar region;
- dysuria;
- blood in the urine;
- anemia;
- deterioration of appetite;
- fever.