Sensual and rational cognition

To date, there are two forms of perception of the world: sensory and rational cognition. Each of them has its own separate levels, which together allow the person to make the right decisions and live in harmony with the world around him.

Forms of rational and sensory cognition

Rational cognition includes:

1. The concept is a thesis reflecting the essence of an object, process, phenomenon, etc. For example, when a person says "a chair," his thought implies not individual signs of this object, but its essence, a generalized image. That is, it can be any object that can be used as a chair.
2. Judgment is a thesis that affirms or denies something about an object, phenomenon, or process. For example, "metal is an alloy".
3. Inference is an inference that follows from reasoning.

Sensual cognition includes:

1. Sensation . The properties of the object that directly affect the senses of the person - hearing, sight, touch, etc. For example, mandarin affects the eyesight, that is, we see its color, the published odor affects the sense of smell, and the sweet citrus taste the appropriate sense organ.
2. Perception . A holistic picture that arises from the work of all the senses at once. For example, a person perceives a car not only as a means of transportation, but also as a comfortable place of stay, an aesthetically attractive thing that emphasizes the status of the owner, etc.
3. Presentation . Subject, process or phenomenon that affects the senses when reproduced in consciousness, without direct influence on them. For example, when a person imagines a forest, he perceives it as a whole, together with the smell of needles, the singing of birds, the murmur of streams, etc.

In cognition, the rational relationship between the sensible and the rational is important. It can not be said that one is more important than another. Only with the interconnection of sensible and rational forms is the real process of cognition. Sensual and rational knowledge has its own characteristics. The first comes to the fore when a person draws, makes love, tastes delicious food, dances, etc.

Rational knowledge prevails when reading scientific articles, conducting experiments, sociological surveys, and also designing, etc. Yes, sensory and rational cognition are considered separately, but the relationship between them is always present, because they act as parties to one process and work together.

Basic directions in the theory of knowledge

There are separate currents, the supporters of which bring to the forefront either feelings or reason. For example, sensualists believe that everything sensible has already been learned and new knowledge can be obtained only by relying on one's own sensations . Rationalists are accustomed to trust only reason, and believe that information received from the senses can not be considered reliable. After all, these five basic organs of man failed many times. Here, by the way, one can recall the representations of ancient people concerning the shape of the Earth and the appearance of life on it. Such a trend as skepticism is built on pessimistic views. His supporters believe that neither feelings nor reason can give an accurate picture of the world.

Agnosticism is a stronger form of skepticism. Adherents of this trend deny the very possibility of knowing the objective world. His bright representative was I. Kant, who argued that the real world is uncompromisingly unknowable. Everything that we feel and know is only an appearance distorted by our notions of reality. Modern science looks at knowledge optimistically, since with each new scientific discovery we are increasingly approaching the truth.