The manager of any scale can not take place without the presence of special qualities. But their combinations and manifestations are so diverse that the concept of leadership in the management system is analyzed by a number of theories. It is curious that researchers still can not agree on the most objective explanation of the phenomenon, therefore for its understanding it is suggested to get acquainted with several approaches at once.
Eight theories of leadership in management
From the manager it is required the ability to unite the efforts of a group of people to achieve any goal. That is, the concept of leadership in management can be interesting for a variety of activities. This type of relationship is based on social interaction, by playing the roles of "leader-followers", there are no subordinates here, since people accept the primacy of one of their own considerations without apparent pressure.
There are two types of leadership in management:
- formal - impact due to an impressive post;
- informal - guidance due to personal usefulness.
It is believed that the best result is obtained by combining both approaches.
If you look at the phenomenon from the point of view of theories, you can distinguish eight basic.
- Situational . It involves changing the approach, depending on the circumstances, without reference to the type of person . It is based on the idea that for each condition a unique form of leadership is required.
- "Great man . " Explains the phenomenon of leadership by genetic predisposition, a unique set of qualities that are available from birth.
- Leadership styles . Allocate an authoritarian and democratic, according to another version there is concentration on work and on the person.
- Psychoanalytic . Conducts an analogy between roles in the family and in public life. It is believed that the parental manner of behavior corresponds to the leadership positions, and the children's - to the followers.
- Behavioral . He claims that leadership is taught, focuses not on qualities, but on actions.
- Transactional . It assumes a mutually beneficial exchange between the leader and followers, on which the influence is based.
- Forces and influences . The importance of followers and organizations is denied, the leader becomes the central figure, which concentrates all resources and connections in its hands.
- Transformational . The strength of the manager depends on the motivation of the followers and the separation of common ideas among them. Here the leader is a creative unit, prone to strategic planning.
Each theory provides the leader with several types of behavior, but in practice, one of them is rarely used completely, usually two or more are mixed.