Judgment in logic

Judgment is one of the forms of thinking, without which, cognition can not occur. Judgments express the relationship of an object and a characteristic, they confirm or deny the existence of this quality in a given thing. Actually, this is the thought, its form, which tells us about the connection of objects, and that is why judgment occupies a special place in logic and the construction of analytical chains.

Characteristics of judgments

Before we proceed to classify judgments in logic, we need to find a clear distinction between judgment and concept.

The concept - speaks about the presence of an object. The concept is "day", "night", "morning", etc. And the judgment always describes the presence or absence of the characteristics - "Early Morning", "Cold Day", "Quiet Night".

Judgments are always expressed in the form of narrative sentences, moreover, earlier in grammar the essence of sentences was called judgment. A sentence that expresses a judgment is called a sign, and the very meaning of a sentence is a lie or a truth. That is, in both simple and complex judgments, a clear logic is tracked: the proposal denies or confirms the presence of a characteristic of the object.

For example, we can say that "All the planets of the solar system revolve around their axes," and we can say that "No planet of the solar system is immobile."

Types of judgments

In logic there are two kinds of judgments - simple and complex.

Simple judgments, being divided into parts can not be a logical meaning, they contain judgment only in an inseparable totality. For example: "Mathematics is the queen of sciences". This simple sentence expresses a single proposition. Complex types of judgments in logic means several different thoughts, they consist of combinations of simple, simple + complex, or a set of complex judgments.

For example: If it rains tomorrow, we will not go out of town.

The main characteristic of a complex judgment is that one of its parts has a different meaning and separately from the second part of the sentence.

Complex judgments and their types

In logic, complex judgments are made up by combinations of simple judgments. They are connected by logical chains - conjunctions, implication and equivalence. In simple words, these are unions "and", "or", "but", "if ... that".