After inhaling various irritants, for example, methacholine, acetylcholine, histamine, there is hyperreactivity of the bronchi - a sharp contraction of the smooth muscles. The causes of this phenomenon are individual, in addition, precise mechanisms for the development of hyperreactivity are unknown. In rare cases, pathology is primary and inherited genetically, but more often the problem is secondary, arises from the transferred diseases of the respiratory system.
At what diseases is hyperreactivity of the bronchi observed?
The described condition accompanies the following pathologies:
- bronchial asthma;
- obstructive pulmonary disease ;
- viral infections;
- violation of the homeostasis of glucocorticoid hormones;
- bacterial injury of the respiratory tract;
- allergic reactions;
- obstructive bronchitis;
- decreased sensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors.
Symptoms of bronchial hyperreactivity
The distinctive clinical manifestations of this syndrome are the following symptoms:
- periodic bouts of shortness of breath;
- distinctive whistling on exhalation;
- shortness of breath or choking;
- blanching or cyanosis of the skin;
- a strong fright, a panic state.
Treatment of bronchial hyperreactivity
Completely eliminate the considered disease is difficult, so it needs constant monitoring and control.
First of all, medications that can stop an attack are prescribed:
- cromoglycate sodium;
- glucocorticosteroids in the form of inhalations;
- P2-agonists with prolonged action;
- omalizuab;
- theophyllines.
It is important to observe the rules that prevent the recurrence of hyperreactivity:
- Healthy food.
- Allow time for physical activity.
- Rinse the nasopharynx in the period of epidemics of ARVI and ARI.
- Wash hands after walking and visiting crowded places.
- Sleep enough hours.