Anyway, every man struck his head at least once in his life. Most often, such damage is not dangerous and does not pose a threat. But there are head injuries that can lead to disruption of the brain, nervous system and even disability.
Injury of head and brain
The cranium is a set of hard bones necessary for reliable protection of the brain. Nevertheless, even in the absence of fractures during injury to the head, this important organ is often subjected to pathological changes due to internal strokes about the skull. The brain consists of a soft tissue and a huge number of blood vessels, as well as nerve plexuses that break when damaged. It can cause subdural hematoma, hemorrhage and concussion.
Head trauma - symptoms
An easy degree of severity of the disease is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the soft shells. At the same time, a wound is formed on the skin, a lump or small puffiness with a hematoma, blood flow is observed. In rare cases, there may be temporary confusion, dizziness.
The average level of trauma is usually characterized by concussion. Symptoms:
- vomiting;
- pale face, blue lips;
- loss of consciousness;
- weakness in muscles, imbalance;
- noise in the ears ;
- headache;
- drowsiness;
- cold sweat.
Severe injuries and bruises have such a clinical picture:
- prolonged loss of consciousness;
- changes in heart rate;
- impaired respiratory activity;
- loss of orientation in space.
If such problems are accompanied by fractures of the bones of the skull, then the cerebrospinal fluid (yellowish liquid) and blood clots out from the nose and ears. Sometimes epilepsy begins after a head injury with a severe degree of severity, which often turns into a chronic form.
First aid for head trauma
Procedure and necessary actions:
- Check whether the person is conscious of his pulse, breathing and heartbeat. In the absence of listed indicators of vital activity, it is necessary to do artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage. If the victim is simply unconscious - lay him on his side.
- Do not allow the patient to sit or stand on his feet, to give his body a horizontal position.
- With the integrity of the cranial bones, apply a cold compress to the site of injury.
- Bleeding bruises treated with an antiseptic solution.
- Call a team of doctors.
You can not try to move or transport a person on your own, as severe consequences of head trauma can occur- stroke , hematoma, ischemic attack, damage to certain areas of the brain.