How was this phenomenon discovered?
For the first time, the German scholar Shpeman conducted experiments that allowed such a process to be discovered. In this case, as a biological material for experiments, he used amphibian embryos. In order to follow the changes in dynamics, the scientist used two types of amphibians: the Triton comb and the Triton striped. Eggs of the first amphibian are white, because lack pigment, and the second have a yellow-gray hue.
One of the experiments carried out was as follows. The researcher took a piece of the embryo from the area of his dorsal lip of the blastopore, which is present at the gastrula stage of the comb triton and transplanted it to the side of the gastrula of the newt striptum.
In the place where the transplant was performed, a nerve tube, a chord and other axial organs of the future living organism were formed after a short time. In this case, the development can reach those stages when an additional embryo is formed on the lateral side of the embryo to which the tissue was transferred, i. E. the recipient. At the same time, the additional embryo consists mainly of the recipient cells, however, the donor embryo cells having a light color are found in separate parts of the recipient's body.
Later this phenomenon was called the primary embryonic induction.
What is the main significance of embryonic induction?
From the above experience, several conclusions can be drawn.
So the first of these concerns the fact that the site that was taken from the dorsal lip of the blastopore has the ability to redirect the development of the material that is located immediately around it. In other words, in other words, it induces, as it were. organizes the development of the embryo both in the ordinary and in the atypical place.
Secondly, both the lateral and the ventral sides of the gastrula have a wider potential, which proves the fact that instead of the usual surface of the body, under the conditions of the experiment, a whole, second embryo arises.
Third, the exact structure of newly formed organs at the site of the transplantation once again indicates the presence of embryonic regulation. This factor is realized due to the integrity of the body.
What types of embryonic induction exist?
Back in the 30s of the 20th century, researchers conducted experiments that allowed determining the nature of the inducing action. As a result, it was found that individual chemical compounds such as proteins, steroids, nucleoproteins, are able to induce induction. This is how the chemical nature of the organizers of the induction process was established.
In addition to the fact that the organizers of the process were established, it turned out that the process itself can have some kinds.
Thus, it can be concluded that the phenomenon of embryonic induction proves the possibility of individual parts of the embryo to self-organization. In other words, embedding a piece of tissue from another in the embryo, in practice it is possible to get not only a part or a certain organ, but also an entire organism, not differing from the recipient. That is why a phenomenon such as embryonic induction and its significance is simply invaluable for perspective medicine.