Arterial pressure is one of the main markers of the state of human health, which gives an idea not only about the work of the blood system, but also of the organism in general. Its value consists of two numbers: upper (systolic) and lower (diastolic) pressure. Let us dwell in more detail on the diastolic exponent and consider what it depends on, and why its values can fluctuate in one direction and the other.
What is the arterial diastolic pressure and what is its norm?
The magnitude of the diastolic pressure indicates the force with which the blood pressure presses the arteries at the time when the heart muscle is completely relaxed (at the time of diastole), i.e. when the heart is at rest. This is the lowest pressure in the arteries, carrying blood to the organs and tissues, which directly depends on the vascular tone and elasticity. In addition, the total volume of blood and the heart rate are involved in the formation of the diastolic pressure index.
Normally, in healthy people, the diastolic pressure level varies between 65 ± 10 mm Hg. With age, this value varies slightly. Thus, in middle-aged people, the lower pressure is usually within 70 - 80 mm of the river, and after fifty years it fluctuates between 80-89 mm Hg.
Causes of increased diastolic pressure
Before considering what pathologies may be associated with an increase in diastolic pressure, it should be noted that a single case of its rise (as well as a decrease) still does not say anything. Only steadily changed indicators are taken into account, because arterial pressure can be changed temporarily due to various factors (ambient temperature, stressful situations, physical activity, etc.). In addition, the diastolic pressure can be altered against a background of increased, normal or reduced upper pressure, which specialists necessarily take into account.
The causes of high diastolic pressure in most cases are:
- kidney and adrenal gland diseases;
- Thyroid gland diseases;
- pathology of the musculoskeletal system;
- change in the stroke volume of the heart.
In some renal diseases, the concentration of the enzyme renin produced in them increases, which affects the vascular tone and leads to an increase in diastolic pressure. The increase in lower pressure is also caused by hormones secreted by the adrenal glands and thyroid gland.
Elevated diastolic pressure can be expressed by such signs as difficulty breathing, dizziness, pain in the chest area. A prolonged excess of the norm of the lower pressure leads to impaired vision, blood supply to the brain, an increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction.
Causes of decreased diastolic pressure
With reduced diastolic pressure, a person often feels lethargic, drowsiness, dizziness , and headache. This can be observed with the following pathologies:
- pulmonary tuberculosis ;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- aortic valve failure;
- allergic diseases;
- dehydration of the body, etc.
In women, low diastolic pressure is sometimes observed during pregnancy. It is worth knowing that such a state is dangerous, because as a result, the fetus lacks oxygen and nutrients. Also, the reduction in pressure (and increase) may occur due to treatment with certain medications.