The question of overestimated and low self-esteem has always been of interest to psychologists, and attempts have been periodically made to create effective methods. It can not be said that all of them were unsuccessful, but there is absolutely no exact method of diagnosis yet. One of the most well-known methods of self-assessment is the Dembo-Rubinstein diagnosis method. It was named in honor of the creators - Tamara Dembo developed a technique, and Susanna Rubinstein modified it for the study of self-esteem.
The methodology for studying the self-esteem of Dembo-Rubinstein
Externally, this technique is quite simple - the subjects are asked to take a test, the results of which are subsequently interpreted by the psychologist. The form of the Dembo-Rubinstein self-evaluation methodology is as follows: there are seven vertical lines (scales) on the paper sheet indicating health, mind (ability), the ability to do something with one's own hands, appearance, character, peer authority, self-confidence. Each line has clear boundaries of the beginning and the end, and the middle is marked by a barely noticeable stroke. The upper limit denotes the higher development of quality (the happiest person), the lower one denotes the total lack of quality (the most unfortunate person). From the subject it is required to mark on each line a feature (-) the degree of development of each quality at the moment. Circle (O) should be noted that level of development of qualities that would make pride of oneself feel. Next, you should objectively evaluate your abilities and mark the level (x) that can be achieved by the cross (x).
For simplicity of calculations, the height of each scale should be made 100 mm, and one millimeter scale should be considered equal to one point (the sample is shown in the figure). The test is given for 10-12 minutes. If you are going to evaluate your own self-esteem, then first pass the test, and then read the interpretation. Otherwise, her understanding will affect the test results.
Interpretation of the Dembo-Rubinstein procedure
To determine the self-assessment using the Dembo-Rubinstein method, it is necessary to determine three of its parameters - height, stability and realism. The first "health" scale does not participate in the assessment, called test, the remaining scales are required to be evaluated.
The height of self-esteem. The number of scores to 45 means a low self-esteem, from 45 to 74 indicates an average level of self-esteem, and a high corresponds to 75-100 points. Overestimated self-esteem can talk about personal immaturity, inability to correctly assess the results of their work, compare themselves with others. Also, too high self-esteem can indicate distortions in the formation of a person - a closedness for experience, an inability to realize one's own mistakes. Low self-esteem indicates either genuine self-doubt or a protective reaction, when recognition of inability hides unwillingness to do anything.
Realistic self-esteem. The normal level is characterized by a score of 60 to 89 points, with an optimal score of 75-89 points, which reflects the most realistic idea of their capabilities. The result of more than 90 points indicates an unrealistic view of their own capabilities. The result is less than 60 characterizes the understated level of human claims, which is an indicator
Sustainability of self-esteem. This fact is indicated by the relationship between the icons placed on the scales. Crosses should be placed between the signs "-" and "O". The distance between zero and the cross represents an interval inaccessible than it is less, and the distance to the cross is larger, the higher the level of optimism. Mugs should be slightly below the topmost mark, a person should understand that he does not need an ideal. If self-esteem is uneven, indicators of different scales "skip", then this is evidence of emotional instability.
The application of this technique to the study of self-esteem can give fairly accurate results. But it is worth considering that the most accurate analysis can only be made by a specialist, since the amateur simply will not pay attention to the little things that are very important.