Stones in the bladder - symptoms

The presence of stones in the bladder, along with stones in the urethra and ureters, is a sign of the development of urolithiasis in a person. This disease most often occurs in men, rather than in women, and more often in the age of 6 years or after fifty.

Stones can be formed due to the fact that for one reason or another, the physical and chemical properties of urine are violated, or it may be associated with metabolic disorders (acquired or congenital).

Stones in the bladder can be of different types. They differ in color, shape, size, structure. They can be multiple or single, soft and hard, smooth and rough, contain oxalates and calcium phosphates, uric acid salts, uric acid.

Concrements in the bladder can at first not reveal themselves, and a person can accidentally learn about them only when passing a survey for some other disease.

Typical signs that indicate the presence of stones in the bladder are:

  1. Pain in the lower back, which can become stronger with a change in body position or physical exertion. After a rather severe attack of pain, the patient discovers that the stone has come out of the bladder when urinating.
  2. Renal colic in the lumbar region, lasting up to several days. It then becomes smaller, then intensifies again.
  3. Frequent urination and tenderness when emptying the bladder. This symptom indicates that the stone is located in the ureter or bladder. If a stone enters the urethra from there, a complete retention of urine or urine may develop. If the stone lies partly in the posterior urethra, and partially in the bladder, then partial incontinence may occur due to the constant opening of the sphincter.
  4. The appearance in the urine of blood after physical exertion or severe pain. This occurs if the stone is stuck in the neck of the bladder, or there is a traumatization of the walls of the bladder. If the enlarged venous vessels of the bladder neck are injured, then profuse total hematuria may occur.
  5. Cloudy urine.
  6. Increase in blood pressure and temperature up to 38-40ยบ.
  7. Enuresis and priapism (in childhood).
  8. When you join the stones of a microbial infection, the disease can be complicated by pyelonephritis or cystitis.

Diagnosis of stones in the bladder

To finally diagnose, only the patient's complaints are not enough. It is also necessary to perform a laboratory study of biological material and perform instrumental examination of the patient.

In the presence of stones urine analysis shows an increased content of erythrocytes, leukocytes, salts, bacteria.

On uzi hyperechoic formations having an acoustic shadow are revealed.

Helps detect stones and cystoscopy. Cystography and urography make it possible to assess the state of the urinary tract, to detect concrements and concomitant diseases.

Removal of stones from the bladder

Small stones can spontaneously leave the urine through the urethra.

If the size of the stones is insignificant, the patient is recommended to follow a special diet and take the drugs that support the alkaline balance of urine.

If the patient is shown operative therapy, then various methods of such treatment are used: