It has long been known that music has a strong influence on the spiritual, moral and aesthetic development of a person. Children are much more receptive to music than adults, so the musical development of children is an integral part of the educational process. Even if parents do not want to give their child to music school in the future, music should be present in his life. Musical games, fairytales and cartoons for children leave an indelible mark in the child's mind, develop imagination and imagination.
The educational process of modern pre-school institutions necessarily includes a program for the musical development of the child. Moreover, this program varies considerably for different age groups. The program of musical development of children of preschool age includes games, exercises, dances and singing. If the child does not attend the kindergarten, these classes should be conducted daily at home.
Music games for children under two years old
From birth, the child seeks to repeat the surrounding sounds - people and animals. Musical toys, too, unusually occupy the baby. The child learns the surrounding world with all his senses. At this age, the most suitable toys are a musical pot, a rug, pictures and rattles for children. When choosing musical toys for children, their quality and sound should be taken into account - the richer the sound, the more pleasant it is to the child by ear.
With the first steps the child can be taught to dance. Various movements to music cause delight in children, and also develop a musculoskeletal system. At this age, you can conduct musical exercises for children. A child should be offered a variety of melodies, so that he can choose the ones that are most pleasing to him. Such musical exercises for children already at this age contribute to the development of their musical abilities.
The most suitable music for the youngest is the classic. For charging, you can choose a march, for sleep - a calm, melodic composition. It is extremely useful during the child's games, to include musical records of the sounds of nature - singing birds, the sound of the surf and rain, the murmur of the water.
Musical exercises for children from two to four years
At this age, the child can already appreciate the sound of a wide variety of musical instruments. Rattles and other simple sounds to the child are already uninteresting. Age 3-4 years is considered the best for acquaintance of children with musical instruments. Most children at this age are very fond of games with such musical instruments as tambourine and drum.
At this age, music books, the alphabet, cartoons, clips and performances for children are extremely useful. Children easily remember songs and melodies and gladly try to reproduce them.
"Applause"
One of the simplest musical games is to memorize the prostranged rhythm. Several participants and a facilitator are possible. The first of the participants comes up with a simple rhythm and slams it. The next one should accurately repeat it without error and come up with the next rhythm, which is transmitted in the same way further. And so on a circle.
Rhythms can be gradually complicated. If someone can not repeat the slammed rhythm from the first time, the presenter should ask the creator of this rhythm to repeat it as many times as necessary for guessing. In this there is a certain complexity for the one who offers, sets an example - he should not forget and get confused at repetition, that is, the initial rhythmic fragment should be complex exactly as much as the "author" can accurately remember and reproduce it.
The game can be gradually complicated by introducing into the rhythmic pattern the simplest exclamations or words, for example: "And once!", "Ole-ole-ole", "One, two, three," etc. You can use some funny hints or sayings, pronouncing them rhythmically organized.
"Stuchalki"
A more complex example of the game is playing with the use of any musical instruments. But do not worry, we mean everything under the instruments, from which you can extract the sound, everything that can be knocked on or what can make any noise, ringing, rattling, or even rustling. Everything will do: wooden spoons, wands, metal cutlery, some ratchets, baby rattles. Try using different timbre materials - wooden caskets or boxes, metal jars and pans brought from the kitchen (of course, with the permission of the mother). Knock on them with metal sticks or spoons.
Actually, this game is the continuation of the first. Only the task is complicated by the fact that now we are developing the timbre memory. The game involves several children. One of them, the first one, has to come up and "lose", that is, simply to tap out or tamper with any rhythm. To start, use only two voices. For example, with iron sticks, the performer should tap the part of the pattern on the wooden surface, and the part - on the metal surface. In repetition, the next participant can perform at first simply the rhythm without changing the timbre, and then, as accurately as possible, using the same subjects and timbres to play the same rhythm with the "interruption" of the timbre in the same places.
"Carnival"
For this game, the children will need new tools, and they will have to do it by themselves. To make one of them, you need to fill a simple tin can from under the phantom or another carbonated beverage with some small friable objects - rice, sand or small stones and gently stick the hole with adhesive tape or plaster.
The prototype of this instrument is the Latin American Chocalo instrument, which is a sort of wooden cylinder. Another tool is reminiscent of guiro, which in its homeland is made from dried pumpkin. To make this tool, it is enough to fill up peas or dried olives in the same tin can, seal the hole - and the product is ready.
If someone has children's maracas, then a kind of Latin American ensemble is available almost in its entirety. Tambourine and drum are also not superfluous. On chokalo, guiro and maracas you need to play, making sounds with shaking or shaking movements. Chokalo can not shake, and rotate around the axis, then its contents produce a quiet rustle. Now we need any melody in the rhythm of samba, rumba, tango or bossanova. Songs in the rhythms of Latin American dances are among such modern performers as Alsu (her famous single with Enrique Iglesias). You can use the famous "Macarena" (even if performed by Sergei Minaev) or "Quarter" ("Paramaribo").
The game is to try, "pre-training," to "join" the sound of a pre-prepared song or composition. Try to make the sounds of your instruments exactly coincide with the "parts" of the sounding music, with the beats of the drums or the sounds of the bass guitar. On a tambourine and a drum to play such a simple rhythm is not difficult, but on guiro or maracas you will not all get it right away - such simple-looking instruments require great skill and a sense of rhythm. But with an effort, you will feel that your group of "musicians" becomes a real Mexican orchestra or participants in the Brazilian carnival.
Musical games for children after four years
After four years, most children become impatient and restless. Sometimes it's almost impossible to make them listen to music. However, at this age children have excellent memory, so it is often enough for a child to hear a song once to remember it.
Parents who want to organize a children's birthday or another holiday can safely use musical competitions. For children after four years, music games are the best entertainment. Children can be invited to guess melodies from cartoons or portray fairy-tale characters to music. There is a huge number of music games for children of this age and some of them you will find right here.
"Table Muzoboz"
In this comic musical game should be played in the kitchen.
Participants must perform a musical work, having as a musical instrument ... items of kitchen utensils. You can use whatever you want, and everything that you can find, from wooden spoons to beer bottles.
The leader defines additional rules. He can choose a work to his liking, and the "musicians" will have to perform it. He can distribute roles between them, as in the ensemble. For example, players can be charged with the performance of Russian folk songs, imitating the chorus of Nadezhda Babkina.
"The best videoclips of the XXI century"
The essence of this game is as follows. From the number of people gathered, several people should remember and reproduce a popular enough clip, while the rest try to guess it. This game is best played by those who like to watch clips, but even if none of your company can name any of them, it's not scary, because the general fun is guaranteed in any case.
There is another version of this game. It consists in the fact that one of the participants must depict one of the famous singers, and the rest - to guess who it is. If the depicting person can demonstrate miracles of improvisation, then he does not need a tape recorder, but in the opposite case you can not do without technology. Including a disc or audio cassette with the recording of a little-known repertoire of the depicted singer, you can make the game especially bright and cheerful.
"Guess the melody"
The essence of this game is similar to the television, all known. Those who wish can split into teams or compete singly. The facilitator gives listeners an audience an extract from a song or a popular melody, and the players should call this piece of music.
The player or the team that wins most of the melodies wins. The players agree on the duration of the game over time.
"Musicians"
Participants of the game sit in a semicircle, and opposite them - "conductor". Everyone chooses a musical instrument (a violin, a piano, a pipe, a drum, etc.), and the conductor must firmly remember the instruments chosen by the players.
Further, the "conductor" sits astride a chair and strikes the bar with his wand as if on a music stand. At this moment, everyone starts to play - to make movements that imitate the game on this or that instrument; In addition, everyone tries to convey the sound of the chosen instrument with his voice (horn: tra-ta-ta, drum: bom-bombom, guitar: jin-jin, etc.).
When the music is at full speed, the "conductor" suddenly turns to one of the "musicians" who does not play, with the question: "Why do not you play?" He should have an excuse in reserve, decent to his instrument (otherwise the fan will pay or come out of it games). "The violinist" can say that his bow broke, the "guitarist" -that the string burst with him, the "drummer" -the skin on the drum broke, the "pianist" -the keys fell off, and so on.
"Conductor" draws conclusions, orders immediately to fix the breakdown and start playing. Who does not have excuses, should play, and those who have a reason in reserve, can rest and stop playing when he wants. "Conductor" amusingly gets angry, does not accept any excuses and orders everyone to play.
The conditions of the game are as follows: one can not repeat the same excuses; "Conductor" also pays a fine if mistaken in the "instrument"; when the "conductor" says, all the "musicians" stop playing.
Paying attention to the early musical development of children, parents introduce them to the wonderful world of sounds and contribute to a more holistic personality formation.