Because of weak immunity and inaccuracies in personal hygiene, babies are highly susceptible to intestinal infections. A very common disease among preschool children is dysentery. In order not to confuse it with other similar pathologies and start treatment in time, it is important to know the specific symptoms of the disease.
Dysentery - causes of the disease
There are 2 variants of the infectious lesion under consideration: shigellosis and amoebiasis. In the first case, the causative agent of dysentery is Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Shigella. Amoebiasis is rare and mainly in tropical, exotic countries, it is provoked by the simplest parasitic microorganisms Entamoeba histolytica.
There are several ways in which dysentery is transmitted - symptoms in children arise after contact with an infected person or carrier of pathogens. Other ways of infection:
- use of contaminated products;
- bathing in reservoirs, swimming pools with bacteria and protozoa;
- drinking of infected water;
- contact with contaminated household items.
What are the signs of a child with dysentery?
Symptoms of the described disease are individual for each baby. The characteristic signs of dysentery in a child depend on the following factors:
- type of pathogen;
- the state of the immune system;
- acuity of the course of pathology;
- severity of manifestations;
- the vastness of the lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
- age of the patient;
- the presence of concomitant digestive disorders.
Dysentery - incubation period in children
The duration of the latent progression of the disease corresponds to the number of microorganisms trapped in the baby's gastrointestinal tract. Shigellosis dysentery is more quickly manifested - the incubation period ranges from several hours to a week, more often it is 2-3 days. Amoebiasis remains latent longer, this form of pathology can latently develop for 2-3 months.
Before other types of ailment, acute dysentery is diagnosed - symptoms in children up to a year are observed only a few hours after infection, especially if many shigella got into the body at once. The chronic form of the disease is constantly accompanied by specific symptoms, but they are erased, so parents sometimes do not notice the progression of the pathology.
The first signs of dysentery in a child
Early clinical manifestations of the disease are a manifest intoxication. Dysentery in children begins with fever, elevated body temperature fluctuates between 37.5 and 40 degrees. The baby is very vomiting, often there is a 1-2-fold vomiting. The child feels a pronounced weakness and malaise, drowsiness, apathy, refuses active games.
With impaired immunity functions and the presence of other infectious diseases, dysentery is more severe - symptoms in children include:
- lack of appetite;
- severe headache;
- stool disorders;
- intense pain in the abdomen (acute, pulling);
- bloating of the intestine.
Temperature at dysentery
Fever is observed throughout the acute period of pathology. The body temperature of the baby is kept at 38.5-39 degrees for 3-5 days, after which it gradually normalizes. Dysentery in children under one year is rarely accompanied by fever. Subfebrile fever (37-38.5 degrees) is observed about 10-15 days, because of which infants are more difficult to tolerate the disease.
Cal at a dysentery in a child
Stool disorders are the most specific symptom of the pathology in question. How does dysentery manifest in children older than 12 months:
- frequent defecation (up to 25 times a day);
- abundant loose stools;
- admixtures of turbid mucus, blood and green veins in the feces;
- painful urge to empty the intestine;
- rumbling in the abdomen;
- decrease in the volume of feces after 2-3 days ("rectal spitting");
- a sharp unpleasant odor from the stool.
Children are more difficult to diagnose dysentery - symptoms in children under 1 year:
- flatulence;
- standard consistency of faeces;
- The presence of greenish impurities and mucus in the feces, rarely - veins of blood.
At the child a dysentery what to do or make?
If the parents suspect the described infectious disease, you should immediately contact the doctor and immediately isolate the baby. It is important to realize how serious is dysentery in children - symptoms and treatment are desirable to detect and develop at an early stage of pathology. Otherwise, the disease can lead to dangerous consequences and irreversible complications. For effective therapy, a comprehensive approach is needed, including:
- bed rest;
- drug treatment;
- adherence to a diet.
How to pass the test for dysentery to a child?
Diagnosis of this ailment is carried out on the basis of available symptoms, epidemiological anamnesis and laboratory test results. To assign the correct treatment of dysentery in children, it is necessary to identify the causative agent of infection. To do this, a bacteriological analysis of stool and vomit with a parallel determination of the sensitivity of the detected microorganisms to antibiotics. Biological material is surrendered urgently, without prior preparation.
Treatment of dysentery in children at home
Self-management of the infection is undesirable, even if the disease is mild. Only a specialist can decide how to treat dysentery in children. As symptomatic therapy, several groups of medicines are prescribed:
- Rehydration solutions. Ensure the prevention of dehydration and restore the liquid-salt balance - Hydrovit, Regidron , Tour, and others. In severe situations, rehydration is carried out through infusions (droppers).
- Spasmolytics. They help to remove the pain syndrome and relax the abdominal muscles - Drotaverin, Spazmalgon, Papaverin.
- Enzymes. Are necessary for the violation of the pancreas - Pancreatin , Creon, Festal.
- Pre- and probiotics. Assign to restore the intestinal microflora and normalize the consistency of the stool - Bifiform, Lactofiltrum, Bifidumbacterin.
- Sorbents. Recommended for the purpose of stopping intoxication of the body - Atoxil, Enterosgel , Smecta.
Antibiotic for dysentery in children
Antimicrobials and intestinal antiseptics are selected exclusively by a doctor. An effective medicine for dysentery for children is prescribed in accordance with the results of the study of stool and the determination of the sensitivity of the sown pathogens to antibacterial medicines. Most commonly used funds from the group of nitrofurans:
- Furazolidone;
- Nifuroxazide ;
- Furazidine;
- Nitrofurantoin;
- Nifuratel and others.
More severe drugs treat severe dysentery - symptoms in children, progressing quickly and flowing into complications, it is necessary to stop antibiotics with the widest possible spectrum of activity. Simultaneously with the use of a polyvalent bacteriophage, the following are appointed:
- Monomycin;
- Ampicillin ;
- Polymyxin M;
- Gentamicin;
- Terramycin;
- Streptomycin;
- Erythromycin;
- Amoxicillin and analogues.
Grass from dysentery in children
Phytotherapy in the described case is allowed only as a supportive measure to prevent dehydration. Alternative recipes do not stop dysentery in children - treatment at home can end badly, especially without the use of effective medications. There are no medicinal plants capable of acting identically to antibiotics and quickly eliminating colonies of bacteria in the intestine.
Drink for the prevention of dehydration
Ingredients:
- flowers of chemist's chamomile - 10 g;
- water - 200 ml;
- apple - 1 piece;
- honey - 0,5 tsp.
Preparation, use :
- Pour chamomile with boiling water.
- Add in the hot solution apple, peeled and cut into thin slices.
- Insist drink 30 minutes.
- Strain the remedy, mix with honey or sugar, jam.
- Give the baby 30-50 ml of tea every 1-3 hours or on demand.
What can you eat with dysentery for children?
To feed the baby is necessary immediately after the cessation of vomiting. Grudnichkov continue to drink milk from the mother, it is better for artificial people to buy a mixture with live fermented milk bacteria. The diet for dysentery in children provides for more frequent intake of food, but in reduced portions by a third or half. This helps reduce the burden on the pancreas, liver and intestines, accelerate the recovery of the body.
Nutrition for dysentery in children older than 12 months should include:
- vegetable purees and decoctions;
- semolina, rice, oatmeal;
- mucous soups;
- cottage cheese;
- lean meat in the form of products from minced meat (cutlets, casseroles, fricadels);
- kissels;
- dishes cooked on steam;
- wheat rusks;
- non-acid compotes, decoctions and fruit drinks;
- weak tea, including herbal.
Dysentery in children - consequences
With timely and adequate treatment, the pathology examined is completely cured. Negative consequences are accompanied by complicated dysentery - severe symptoms in children occur against a weakened immune system, late detection of the disease, the presence of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes the exacerbation of the disease occurs due to a violation of the diet, appointed for a period of 2-3 months.
Dysentery - consequences:
- perforation of the large intestine;
- megacolon;
- peritonitis;
- heart, kidney failure;
- hemolytic-uremic syndrome;
- damage to the nervous system;
- collapse;
- appendicitis;
- secondary bacterial infection (otitis media, pneumonia and others);
- toxic shock;
- avitaminosis;
- prolapse of the rectum;
- compliance, gaping of the anus;
- anemia;
- hypotrophy.