One of the most dangerous for a person is heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome is a serious condition of the body that is life threatening, and the count is already on the clock. Such a diagnosis is made in the first day, while doctors conduct research and determine the severity of the consequences.
Acute coronary syndrome - what is it?
Acute coronary syndrome or ACS - is a violation of blood flow through the artery, which nourishes the heart. If the vessel is greatly reduced and a small or large portion of the myocardium stops functioning properly or dies, then such a diagnosis is made. During the diagnosis (the first day after the development of the disease), cardiologists conduct treatment to restore patency.
After receiving the results, the doctor can tell exactly about whether the patient begins myocardial infarction (MI) or if unstable angina (NA) manifests itself. The diagnosis of ACS is collective and requires urgent treatment, because with the disease you need to enter a drug that dissolves blood clot in the arteries of the heart, within 1.5 hours after the first symptoms.
If at this time not to be in time, cardiologists can only prescribe supporting drugs that reduce the area of the dying part and support the main vital functions. For this reason, if you suddenly have a heart attack and do not go for 10 minutes after rest, urgently call for an ambulance. Irreversible processes in the body begin to develop and accumulate, only a quick doctor can save a person.
Acute coronary syndrome - causes
The main reason for the development of acute coronary syndrome is a sharp violation of blood supply in the cardiac muscle, which can occur due to insufficient supply of oxygen to the body or lack of it with high demand. The morphological basis for this disease is considered to be the destruction of vessels with splitting or rupture of plaque.
Other causes of ACS can be:
- Coronary artery thrombosis is a formation that consists of a mixture of fat, cholesterol and calcium. They can appear in any vessel and move with the blood to the heart.
- Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries - they nourish the heart muscle. This is a chronic disease characterized by loss of elasticity in the walls of the vessels and their compaction, as well as a narrowing of the lumen in the plaques.
In addition to the causes of ACS, there are also factors that contribute to the onset of the disease. With a combination of several such circumstances, the chance of getting heart problems increases. These include:
- obesity;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- diabetes;
- smoking and alcohol;
- frequent stress;
- heredity;
- old age (after 40 years);
- abuse of fatty foods;
- high blood levels of cholesterol;
- male.
Acute coronary syndrome - symptoms
The syndrome of acute coronary insufficiency has such symptoms:
- Strong and persistent pain in the chest, which has a compressive, burning or compressive character. The attack can last from 30 minutes to a couple of hours, in rare cases, a day.
- Conducting painful impulses along the nerve endings in the upper left part of the body (little finger, arm, scapula, neck, ribs and lower jaw).
- Pain manifests itself in a state of rest, sleep or after physical exertion.
- Feeling of lack of air or sense of heaviness;
- Pale skin, a sticky cold sweat on the forehead.
- Non-standard reaction of the nervous system to stress: confused consciousness, minimal self-control, a sense of panic fear, which is constantly increasing.
- Nitroglycerin did not help stop the pain.
- Failures in the heart rhythm, shortness of breath, fainting, breathing, pain in the abdomen.
What is the danger of acute coronary syndrome?
When answering a question about what complications have an acute coronary syndrome, the overall mortality rate, which is about 30%, should be taken into account. Very often, death occurs in patients before the arrival of doctors. The main reason for this is ventricular fibrillation. The main factors pointing to the criticality of the situation are:
- the patient's age exceeded 60 years;
- a sharp drop in blood pressure;
- the palpitation became rapid;
- in the lungs there are wet rales;
- development of pulmonary edema;
- increased pressure in the pulmonary artery;
- decrease in the amount of urine being separated.
Acute coronary syndrome - differential diagnosis
Every person experiencing certain symptoms should undergo a checkup in the hospital. Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome includes:
- the analysis of complaints and the study of anamnesis;
- biochemical and general tests of blood and urine;
- coagulogram;
- echocardiography;
- coronary angiography;
- computed tomography;
- electrocardiography - is the main method in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome;
- magnetic resonance imaging - allows you to assess the blood supply to the myocardium and measure the arterial blood flow.
Acute coronary syndrome on ECG
To diagnose acute coronary syndrome myocardial infarction can be after electrocardiography - a method of recording and recording the electrical activity of our heart. To conduct research is desirable during pain, and then compare it with the state of the body before or after an attack. To check the work of the main body of a person is necessary several times throughout the course of therapy.
Acute coronary syndrome - emergency care
First aid for an acute coronary syndrome should be given to the patient before the arrival of an ambulance. It includes such stages:
- The patient should be laid on his back, shoulders and head raised by 30-40 degrees.
- Free the person from tight clothing, open the window so that nothing interferes with the intake of air into the lungs.
- In the absence of pulmonary edema, the patient should chew 2-3 tablets of Aspecard or Aspirin-Cardio.
- Measure blood pressure if it is higher than 90 to 60 mm. gt; then give the victim a nitroglycerin tablet, repeat after 10 minutes.
- Observe the patient's condition, if necessary, calm him with words (do not give any sedatives), if he can, let him cough deeply and deeply.
- In the absence of breathing in the patient, do artificial respiration and resuscitation.
Acute coronary syndrome - treatment
Carry out an acute coronary syndrome treatment in the intensive care unit or in intensive care. Patients are assigned:
- thrombolytic therapy;
- stenirovanie and angioplasty;
- coronary bypass;
- direct coronary atherectomy;
- rotational ablation.