Communication is an integral part of life, and it reflects the process of interaction, designed to establish contact between people. Incorrect perception of transmitted information leads to the fact that misunderstanding arises between opponents.
The concept of communication in psychology
Specialists in this field use different definitions of the term "communication". This concept is explained as a complex communicative process, which involves the exchange of information and the understanding of one person by another. They consider it a process of formation of relations and the manifestation of the life of a whole society. Each of the existing definitions has the right to exist. The main functions of communication in psychology : communicative, cognitive, psychological, informative and creative.
Types of communication in psychology
Experts distinguish several forms that differ by several features. The classification based on the organizational aspect is used, so singling out: individual and group conversations, telephone communication, meeting, negotiations, meetings and others. Types and forms of communication in psychology depend on the task of contact and on the connection between people.
- Primitive . It gives an opportunity to understand whether it is worth continuing the dialogue or whether it is better to ignore the opponent.
- Formally role-playing . The social status is taken into account and the conversation is results-oriented.
- Business . It is necessary to establish connections to effectively solve problems.
- Manipulative . Use to get what you want at the expense of another person.
- Secular . The psychology of communication is based on certain limits and for limited purposes.
- Spiritual . There is a desire to learn more about a person about personal information. This is the most intimate kind of conversation in psychology.
Psychology of communication with men
Many misunderstandings between representatives of different sexes are associated with misunderstanding. This is due to the different types of thinking and other characteristics that distinguish men and women. For men, it is important among the information they receive during communication, to grasp the essence, allowing you to proceed to action and realize what you have conceived. Ladies are more focused on reasoning based on opportunities, feelings, etc. The psychology of communication between a man and a woman is based on certain features that should be considered for establishing contact.
- For representatives of the stronger sex it is important to get a decision or draw a conclusion, for them there is practically no such thing as "speaking out".
- It is common for a man to discuss one topic in a specific conversation, while ladies can jump to different questions at a tremendous speed.
- To establish contact, you need to look at the person in the eyes.
- For the man the essence is important, therefore they do not notice any subtext.
Psychology of business communication
Success in the business sphere is impossible without the ability to establish contact with different people. Correctly built dialogue, taking into account the rules of etiquette, the individuality of the interlocutor and the details of a particular situation, indicates that the person is an experienced negotiator. The psychology of effective communication in the business sphere takes into account several characteristic features.
- Information savvy about the interlocutor . It is important to know about your partner his tastes, mentality, temperament and other characteristics.
- Ethicality . The psychology of communication should be based on sincerity and benevolence. Before making a decision, it is necessary to weigh the prospective benefit and harm.
- Communicative culture . It is important not only to correctly express your thoughts, but to control the logic of the interlocutor.
- Ability to have a companion . There are different techniques that unobtrusively help to cause the opponent's sympathy. For example, use a friendly tone or appropriate compliments.
Psychology of communication at work
A person spends a lot of time at work, so the favorable climate in the team is important. The relationship between employees is influenced by many factors: gender, age, level of education and moral principles. Studies have shown that the psychology of communication in a team in which there are both men and women is the most stable. It is important that all members of the collective share corporate principles. Business ethics includes such principles: literacy, punctuality, attention to other people, confidentiality and courtesy.
Psychology of communication with superiors
Many people face problems at work due to the inability to establish contact with the manager. Fear of encountering aggression and other problems is causing many problems. Psychology communicates with the authorities as a special sphere where it is important to take into account certain features and principles of behavior. When talking with the leader you need to behave confidently and express your thoughts distinctly. An important principle is to clearly state the idea and speak in fact. It is impossible to lose courage, if a failure was received from the authorities, because often they check the strength of the character.
Psychology of communication with subordinates
Not many people can boast of excellent oratorical abilities from nature, but this is not a problem, as they can be developed. This is very important for people holding managerial positions. From the quality of management will depend on the atmosphere in the team and the effectiveness of labor. The psychology of communication between the boss and the subordinate is based on several important principles.
- You can not lose sight of the blunders of employees, as this will lead to irresponsibility. The remark should be made in a calm tone and in fact.
- Criticize the work done, not the identity of the employee.
- Of great importance is self-control, so it is important to learn to keep oneself in hand.
- We should not forget about the praise and deserved reward, because this is an incentive not to stop.
- It is important to always stand up for subordinates and try to improve their working conditions.
Manipulation in communication - psychology
To achieve these goals, many people use methods of psychological influence on others. The most common form is manipulation, which allows controlling the behavior and feelings of the interlocutor. It is conscious when a person understands the essence of the impact, counting on a certain result, and unconscious. The psychology of manipulation in communication is seen as one of the most commonly used methods of influence. As a factor of influence choose: love, fear, self-doubt, feelings of guilt, pity and pride.
Psychology of communication on the Internet
The global network has allowed people in different parts of the world to communicate. The danger of this interaction is that often a person can communicate with a frontman, and another disadvantage is that often real relationships are replaced by virtual ones. There are psychological features of communication on the Internet , which have formed over time.
- Anonymity . There are no psychic barriers, which in real life often deter people in communication.
- Voluntariness . Every person determines who to talk to, and who does not.
- Informativeness . In the network, you can find out a lot of information about the interlocutor, but it will be possible to confirm it only after a personal meeting.
In the psychology of communication on the Internet, three main types of dialogue are used. Business type is chosen for transferring working information and resolving various issues. Many companies conduct business through the Internet. More often informal communication is used in social networks, on dating sites and other similar resources. The next type is game communication, used for interaction during games and group correspondence.
Interesting facts about the psychology of communication
Due to the conducted research, scientists were able to determine the features of people's interaction when they talk. It is proved that during the dialogue, the interlocutors can not constantly look into each other's eyes and this takes about 60% of the total time. The theory of neurolinguistic programming suggests that, according to the movement of the eyes during a conversation, it is possible to understand what images arise in his consciousness. The psychology of communication, interesting facts about which regularly replenish, determined that for a person both physical and verbal contact are equally important.