In modern society, virtually no child can not do without supervision in the children's polyclinic. And, since the birth, the children give different tests. Physicians have long established that it is through analysis that the general condition of the child's organism can be accurately diagnosed. We offer you to familiarize yourself with the norms of the basic analyzes that children pass on.
Blood test in children
For the first time the baby donates blood for tests at the age of 3 months. For babies, the blood test is the most informative, so doctors strongly recommend not neglecting it. Age 3 months is considered critical for children. It is at this time that there is a risk of developing a disease such as anemia. A blood test can identify any threat and correct it in time. At 3 months old the kid receives inoculations from a poliomyelitis and ASKD. Vaccinations are carried out only absolutely healthy children, and it also allows you to determine the overall blood test. There is a special rate of blood test in children. The following parameters are studied in the blood:
- erythrocytes. Their deficiency indicates anemia in the baby;
- white blood cells. Their excess indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the body;
- thrombocytes. Their lack speaks about bad coagulability of blood;
- eosinophils (a kind of leukocytes). Their excess speaks about the presence of worms in the body and about allergies;
- hemoglobin. Its insufficiency indicates anemia;
- ESR (sedimentation rate of erythrocytes). High speed indicates an inflammatory process in the body.
Below is a table showing the norms of blood values in children.
| Index | 3 months | 1-6 years old | 6-12 years old |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erythrocytes (x10 12 / l) | 3.3-4.1 | 3.6-4.7 | 3.6-5 |
| Hemoglobin (g / l) | 109-134 | 109-139 | 109-144 |
| Platelets (x10 9 / L) | 179-399 | 159-389 | 159-379 |
| ESR (mm / h) | 4-9 | 4-13 | 5-13 |
| Leukocytes (x10 9 / l) | 7-12 | 5-12 | 4.7-8.9 |
| Eosinophils (%) | 0.9-5.9 | 0.6-7.9 | 0.4-6.9 |
Only normal blood test results in children tell us that everything is in order in the body.
Blood test for sugar
Blood for sugar is given only on an empty stomach. With the help of this analysis, the early development of diabetes mellitus is determined. The norm of sugar in the blood in children is 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. If the amount of sugar in the blood in children is different from normal, this may indicate a risk of developing diabetes. In any polyclinic, blood for sugar is given out of turn, because before giving this test for 8 hours you can not eat and drink.
Blood chemistry
Biochemical analysis of blood allows you to determine the condition of virtually all internal organs of the child. Norms of indicators of biochemical analysis in children:
- total protein. Norm: 59-79 g / l. After 4 years, the protein level is reduced and is: 60-70 g / l. A low level of protein indicates the presence of inflammatory processes in the child's body, as well as liver diseases. A high protein level indicates a blood disorder;
- urea. The norm of urea varies depending on the method of analysis. Low urea levels may indicate kidney disease;
- bilirubin. High content of bilirubin is a sign of jaundice. Also, elevated bilirubin is observed in liver diseases;
- calcium. A low level of calcium indicates rickets and dystrophy.
Analysis of feces in children
The analysis of feces in children is a mandatory procedure before entering kindergarten. This analysis is carried out for the detection of worms and various intestinal diseases. Here's how the standards of stool analysis in children look:
- enterococcus. Norm: 106-107;
- bifidobacteria. Norm: not less than 108;
- yeast-like fungi. Norm: no more than 104;
- total amount of E. coli. Norm: 107-108;
- germs of the genus Proteus. Norm: not more than 104.
The number of such indicators as pathogenic microbes of the intestinal family, hemolytic staphylococcus, hemolyzing coliform, must be zero.
Urinalysis in children
The analysis of urine in children allows to determine the general condition of the kidneys and organs of the genitourinary system. During the analysis of urine, the color of urine, the number of leukocytes and red blood cells, the amount of sugar and proteins, the transparency and the urine reaction at pH are checked. If all the indicators of urinalysis in children are normal, it means that the baby is healthy.
There are a number of tests that children do: a blood test for clotting, additional urine and feces analyzes, thyroid hormone analysis, and others.
General tests are conducted, as a rule, for all children. The established norms of clinical analyzes in children allow to identify the disease at an early stage and in time to prevent its development. Using the norms of clinical analysis in children, it is possible to determine the condition of the child's internal organs as accurately as possible.