The issue of upbringing remains relevant for many decades. Entire generations of parents, educators and teachers are trying to find the ideal model for the development of skills in children. However, as they say, how many people, so many opinions. The search for the best model of education led to the emergence of several areas in the field of pedagogy. And so that you can understand which one is right for your child, let's consider the main modern concepts of upbringing.
Modern approaches and concepts of education
In the process of searching for and determining the driving forces of upbringing and its structural elements, a special section of pedagogy was formed called "The Theory of Education". In the field of his study all classical and modern concepts in which education was considered from various positions fell. The emergence of this section as early as the nineteenth century was laid by K.D. Ushinsky, who wrote the manual "Man as an object of education: the experience of pedagogical anthropology." Following him in the 20-30 years. XX century, a huge contribution to the theory of education introduced by A.S. Makarenko in his works: "The purpose of education," "Methods of educational work," "Lectures on the education of children," etc.
Modern concepts and theories of upbringing have many authors, which are researchers in the field of the formation of the human personality and the role of the teacher in the process of child upbringing and development.
Modern concepts of teaching and upbringing include several basic theories, the founders of which are outstanding philosophers and psychologists:
- humanistic psychology (K. Rogers, A. Maslow);
- behavioral (behaviourist) theory (D. Watson, D. Locke, B. Skinner);
- cognitive theory (D. Dewey, J. Piaget);
- biological (genetic) theory (K. Lorenz, D. Kennel);
- psychoanalytic theory (Z. Freud, E. Erickson).
In the 60-70's. The twentieth century saw the emergence of the so-called technological approach to education and upbringing. Its essence lies in the systematic and consistent installation in practice of a pre-planned educational process. Thanks to this approach, many modern concepts and technologies of education have acquired specific features of the process of interaction with the pupil:
- setting training goals, which describe the actions and attitudes of the pupil (knowledge, understanding, application);
- the ability to reproduce all training components: a preliminary assessment of the level of skills, adjustment according to the feedback of the pupil and teacher, the final evaluation of the results and the setting of new goals;
- feedback from the pupil, control of his knowledge and skills and timely correction of any of the stages of upbringing.
General patterns of modern concepts of education
Despite the difference in approaches, the characterization of modern concepts of education is built on general patterns:- upbringing takes place in a close relationship with learning, but still plays a decisive role;
- the effectiveness of upbringing depends on the activity of the pupil himself and his involvement in this process;
- the results of education depend on all the structural elements that make up this process: forms, methods and goals that the child and the teacher understand.
According to the strategies for modernizing education in Russia, modern concepts of personal education today have several main directions:
- increasing the role of educational activities in the formation of young people's new attitudes;
- need to restore the correspondence between content, quality of education and
the needs of the person being educated, society and the state; - the restoration of the role of the state in the upbringing of the younger generation;
- expansion of subjects of upbringing, such as social institutions, educational institutions and the public.
Modern concepts of education are aimed, first of all, at the formation in the child of a cultural personality. Despite the fact that many social institutions still use obsolete models of upbringing, the state seeks to improve this system so that the younger generation has the opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills in accordance with the requirements of modern society and with the help of the latest technologies.