To assess the condition and performance of various systems or organs, special tests or functional tests are used. They are metered loads or certain disturbing, irritating effects. Thanks to such tests, it is determined not only the correctness of the response of the organism, but also reveals the existing diseases or predisposition to their development.
Classification of functional samples
You can influence several systems or organs by several channels. In accordance with the way the disturbances are transmitted, the following types of functional samples are distinguished:
- nervously-reflex;
- pharmacological;
- with physical activity;
- metabolic (chemical);
- information.
This is a simplified classification. For a detailed study of the work of the body, as a rule, the combination of different types of samples, including alimentary, temperature and other effects, is used.
Functional tests of the liver, kidneys, digestive organs
The considered group of samples is mainly based on the chemical analysis of blood and urine. The study of biological fluids allows assessing the performance of organs by their organs of direct functions, metabolic processes (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, water-salt and acid-base balance).
In addition, ultrasound is performed or another, more informative type of study, which determines the size of the organs, the state of their mucous membranes and parenchyma, and the vascular system.
X-ray of bone and joint structures with functional tests
This type of examination is the most informative and accurate way to identify such pathologies of the spine and joints as osteochondrosis , arthrosis, arthritis and other diseases in the early stages.
The samples are taken during the execution of X-ray images and consist in extension and bending of the limbs, sections of the spinal column to the extreme positions possible.
Respiratory function tests
The described type of examination is often combined with tests of the functioning of the cardiovascular system and blood circulation, as well as the brain, because the process of breathing directly depends on them.
Most often, these functional tests are used:
- with repeated measurement of lung volume;
- with a delay in breathing (test of Stange, Genci);
- with a measured muscular load;
- GTSOLIFK;
- rheoencephalography.