Arrhythmia has 2 main forms (tachycardia and bradycardia), each of which, in turn, is of several types. They vary in the localization of pathology and the nature of the course. Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common type of arrhythmia, occurs in 95% of cases of treatment for a cardiologist with symptoms of heart rhythm disturbances. At the same time this disease does not belong to dangerous conditions and usually gives in to conservative treatment.
Causes and symptoms of supraventricular or supraventricular tachycardia
The described form of arrhythmia has this name, since pathological contractions of the heart muscle begin in the zone above the ventricles of the organ. As a rule, the disease occurs in the form of acute attacks - paroxysms.
The causes of the considered disease are various disorders in the work and structure of the heart, as well as the conductive system, vegetative-humoral disorders, an incorrect lifestyle. If the factors provoking this type of arrhythmia could not be identified, there is idiopathic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Symptoms of pathology:
- heart palpitations ;
- nausea;
- dizziness;
- soreness in the chest;
- noise in the head;
- pain in the neck.
ECG with supraventricular tachycardia
The main diagnostic tool in this case is an electrocardiogram. With supraventricular tachycardia, a positive or negative tooth P is always located in front of the QRS complex.
To confirm the diagnosis, heart rate is also measured, MRI, MSCT and ultrasound of the heart are performed.
In some cases, daily ECG monitoring is required, during which short- onset seizures are recorded that are not felt by a person. If this is not enough, an endocardial cardiogram is performed-the introduction of intracardiac electrodes.
Treatment of paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia and surgery
Emergency therapy of attacks of pathology consists in providing first aid (cold compress on the forehead and neck, pressing on the eyeballs, holding the breath with straining), as well as intravenous administration of antiarrhythmic drugs:
- Obsidan;
- Novocaineamide;
- Giluritmal;
- Propranolol;
- Isoptin;
- Quinidine and others.
After paroxysm has been removed, an outpatient observation is necessary for a cardiologist who will prescribe a permanent regimen for the treatment of tachycardia individually.
If the disease is severe or medication is ineffective, surgical intervention is recommended:
- radiofrequency ablation of the heart;
- implantation of electric defibrillators;
- Destruction of ectopic foci of automatism;
- implantation of the pacemaker.