The drainage system is a very important and sometimes absolutely necessary part of the development of a plot of land with greenery. The device of drainage on a site allows to keep intact not only a lawn or a garden, but also inhabited and auxiliary structures.
Drainage of the suburban area has two main varieties: open (surface) and closed (underground) system.
It is quite easy to understand the need to create such a structure, it is only necessary to correctly estimate the level of natural moistening by ground and surface waters. The drainage system of the site, its type and design features depend on the volume, frequency of intake and type of excessive moisture.
Let's figure out how to properly drain the site, find out their main types and operational characteristics. But it should be remembered that the creation of effective drainage systems, their choice and design of a project is a very difficult engineering task, so it is better to entrust it to specialists.
Surface drainage system of the site
An open drainage system is one or several ditches that divert water outside the site to a common water intake. Such a system is effective only for removing large volumes of rain and melt water. Therefore, surface drainage of the site is used in limited conditions, namely:
- if the site has clay soil and is located in the lowland;
- if the site is located on a slope, at its foot;
- If the site is located fences and buildings with a deep foundation.
It is quite easy to build such a drainage of the site with your own hands: just a few ditches are deep down to half a meter with bevelled edges along the perimeter of the site. To maintain the drying effect of the surface drainage system, it needs simple maintenance: the ditches must be regularly cleaned of debris, weeds and soil.
Closed drainage system of the site
In case of need to make deeper drainage of the site, the drainage should be so-called closed or underground. Such a system is effective for removing groundwater at a depth of 2.5-3 meters.
Closed drainage system - a rather complex engineering structure - is a system of pipes with holes (drains) in trenches with a depth of 1 to 2 meters. Drains are the main and most important element of the deep system. The most popular are plastic perforated pipes with a special filter sheath.
For better water permeability, drains are filled up with rubble, gravel, brushwood and other similar materials. Trenches and drainage pipes of the closed system must necessarily be under a slope towards the water intake. Moreover, the greater this angle, the higher the rate of diversion of excess water and, accordingly, the efficiency
Proper design of a closed drainage of a land plot requires fairly rigorous engineering calculations based on an analysis of the volume and depth of groundwater, as well as the area and type of land that needs to be drained. If you fulfill all the requirements for the project, such a system will last long enough without loss of efficiency. In the process of operation, it is also necessary
- to fulfill certain conditions, namely:
- periodically (at least once every three years) the system requires cleaning from debris and silting;
- Do not erect buildings and use heavy equipment over paved drainage pipes;
- It is necessary to carry out periodic loosening of the soil above the drains to preserve the water permeability of the soil.
Follow these simple rules and drain the site will be successful!