If in the maxillary region there is a blockage of the mucous gland, a cyst of the maxillary sinus can form. It is a bubble with a two-layer wall, filled with a viscous liquid. The internal epithelium of the benign neoplasm is covered with cells that produce mucus.
The causes of the cyst of the left or right maxillary sinus
The most frequent factor provoking the described pathology is rhinitis of various origin. Other reasons include:
- sinusitis;
- congenital features of the anatomical structure of the nose;
- polysynusitis;
- dental diseases of the upper jaw;
- allergy .
Symptoms of the cyst of the maxillary sinus
Often the patient does not know that he has a benign neoplasm in his nose, so the diagnosis occurs accidentally when examined by a doctor as an otolaryngologist.
In rare cases, especially if there is a lesion of the paranasal sinuses, the following clinical picture is observed:
- scant purulent discharge, sinusitis ;
- severe headache, which is located in the anterior frontal part;
- nasal congestion, usually from the side of the cyst arrangement;
- pain in the area of growth, giving in the eye socket and temple.
In addition, one of the signs of the disease under consideration is sometimes a sharp change in blood pressure indicators, especially for people after the age of 40.
The effects of cyst formation in the maxillary sinus
There are 3 types of complications in the described pathology:
- development of OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome). It is characterized by stops (for a few seconds) of breathing during sleep, and this, in turn, provokes cardiovascular diseases;
- chronic inflammatory process in the cavity of the cyst of the maxillary sinus;
- oxygen starvation of the body (it arises from the constant difficulty of nasal breathing).
Treating the cyst of the maxillary sinus
If a benign neoplasm does not cause any symptoms does not interfere with the intake of air into the body, therapy is not performed. In this case, it is recommended to periodically check with a specialist in order to monitor the size and trends of growth. The only effective method of treating the described disease is surgical intervention, which is performed in various ways.
Operative removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus
There are two classical techniques for eliminating tumors surgically:
- Denker's operation;
- Operation Caldwell-Duke.
In the first case trepanation of the maxillary sinus is made through the frontal wall, in the second - through the crease in the mouth.
Both methods are very traumatic, painful and suggest a long recovery period. The advantage of such surgical interventions is the absolute access of the surgeon to all parts of the maxillary sinus, including the back wall, which provides freedom of manipulations.
Endoscopic removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus
A more modern method is a minimally invasive operation with minimal damage to soft tissues. Through the nose of the nose in the bosom of a microscopic chamber,
Laser removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus
This intervention is the most painless and almost does not require rehabilitation. During the short-term procedure the laser beam completely evaporates the contents of the tumor.
The disadvantage of such an operation is the risk of recurrence, since the cyst is not completely cut off, the walls remain in the sinus.