Cultivation of garlic in the open ground - secrets of planting and care

Cultivation of garlic in the open field is a common thing for gardeners. This unpretentious vegetable culture is in demand among different peoples of the world, it is successfully applied in cooking and medicine. Garlic is rich in vitamins, microelements, essential oils, which cause its specific flavor.

Varieties of garlic in the open ground

The methods of cultivation and the timing of planting allow us to divide the varieties of garlic into two groups-

• winter crops;
• spring.

Winter varieties are planted a month before the onset of cold weather, have large heads, short shelf life, early ripen. The most popular winter varieties are:

1. A little tooth. Large heads, rich harvest.
2. Alkor. Average size of the bulb with pink and purple scales.
3. Lyubasha. High tops and large flattened bulbs.
4. Hermann. Long shelf life, medium heads.
5. Healer. Well tolerates transportation, does not shoot, heads include up to 16 denticles.

Spring varieties are distinguished by the lack of arrows, the time of planting, the size of the heads and the duration of storage. Planted spring garlic in the spring, in early April, the crop is harvested later. In comparison with winter crops, spring varieties have small heads that can be stored all winter and spring. Popular among truck farmers following spring varieties of garlic:

1. The Moscow. Favorably different from their counterparts with large white heads.
2. Gulliver. Has dense flattened heads, which can be stored for about 8 months.
3. Victorio. Medium in size, round, white heads consist of yellowish teeth. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests.

Planting garlic in the open ground

Cultivation of garlic from seeds is impossible, because the vegetable multiplies exclusively vegetatively - teeth or air bulbs. The latter are the heads with small denticles, which grow on the arrow. Both teeth and bulbs can be a planting material that predetermines preparation, planting time and a growing cycle. The first harvest of bulbs is the heads in one tooth, intended for subsequent planting.

How to plant garlic in the open ground?

Proper cultivation of garlic means pre-training and compliance with technology. The primary goal of the gardener is the choice of the site. For garlic is preferable:

• sunny territory;
• fertile loamy soil, saturated with organic matter;
• grow a vegetable better in the garden, where legumes, potatoes, cabbage grew;
• excellent neighbors garlic will be strawberries, strawberries, currants, gooseberries.

Preliminary work on the site should be carried out in advance:

• In the autumn it must be dug up and covered up ;
• In spring (for spring varieties), 2 weeks before planting, the bed should be re-digged and fertilized - humus, superphosphate and potassium salt;
• acidic soil must be neutralized (lime, dolomite flour).

Cultivation of garlic in the open ground will give worthy results, in case the planting material was qualitative and prepared:

• For planting choose the best heads, with no signs of infection;
• the teeth are separated immediately before planting, then the upper husks are removed;
• To prevent fungal diseases, denticles are soaked in a solution of "Phytosporin" or manganese - to choose from.

When to plant garlic in the open ground?

The time of planting garlic is determined by the variety:

1. It's necessary to put winter garlic in a month before the onset of cold weather. During this period the teeth will take root, and the green mass will not have time to grow.
2. Landing of spring garlic in the open ground is carried out in early spring (for the work can not wait for the full warming of the soil).
3. Air bulbs of winter varieties are planted, as are the teeth.

Cultivation of garlic in the country - a landing scheme

The technology of growing garlic provides a standard planting scheme for all varieties:

• between rows - 20-25 cm;
• the teeth are located at a distance of 8-10 cm;
• the depth of each tooth is 5 cm;
• after planting the bed is leveled and mulched;
• when planted for the winter - the garden is covered with branches or fallen leaves.

Care for garlic in the open ground

Cultivation and care of garlic in the open ground is reduced to timely fertilizing, loosening the soil and regular watering. You can begin to loosen the soil in the aisles after the appearance of 2-3 leaves, then the procedure is repeated after each irrigation. In the spring period, vegetable culture requires an abundance of moisture, otherwise it is not worth counting on a rich crop. Need garlic and in top dressing - nitrogen in the initial phase, and phosphoric-potash during the ripening period.

How correctly to water garlic in the open ground?

Lack of moisture - is disastrous for garlic, in such conditions the heads are formed very poorly and stop at all in growth. Therefore, the question of how to water garlic in the open field requires detailed consideration. In spring, when the teeth begin to give the first shoots of the plant, you can already water it. In the absence of rain, it is necessary to moisten the soil abundantly once a week (at a rate of 10 liters per capita). In summer, as the vegetable ripens, watering is reduced and 14 days before harvesting is stopped altogether.

Top dressing of garlic in the open ground

Cultivation of garlic means adding food. The first application of fertilizers (humus) falls on the phase of 2-3 leaflets. A little later, the foliage is sprayed with a solution of urea (at a rate of 1 liter per 10 liters of water). Two weeks later, a solution of nitrofoss (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) is added. In summer, fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers should be stopped - in June the plant will respond well to watering with superphosphate solution (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water).

Garlic - diseases and pests during cultivation

Yellow leaves of garlic when grown outdoors are a clear sign of the disease (if it is not yet time for harvesting). The most common diseases of the vegetable and its pests are:

• fusariosis;
• bacterial decay;
• black mold;
• onion fly;
• stem nematode.

Fight fungal infections can be through special drugs (Bordeaux fluid, Fitosporin). But not always fungicides give the desired result, so it is very important to properly prepare, process and select the seed. Cultivation of garlic in the open ground by the rules, implies the fight against pests. The leaves affected by the larvae are a clear indication of the activity of the onion fly. To get rid of it, you can wipe the green mass with saline.