The term "cervical dysplasia" means abnormal changes that occur in the vaginal of the vaginal part of this organ. They are equated to a precancerous state, but in the early stages of detection can be completely cured. Dysplasia of this type should be distinguished from erosion, because it is not the result of a mechanical trauma, but it disrupts the cellular structure of the tissue lining the uterus.
Causes of cervical dysplasia
Standard is the situation when the disease was provoked by some types of papillomavirus, which for a long time were in the body of a woman and penetrated into the cells of the epithelium of the vagina, carrying with it an infection and the very dysplasia. The course of the disease can be accelerated by the following factors:
- deficiency of immunity, which arises as a result of the overwhelming influence on the organism of acute and chronic diseases, stresses, drugs, malnutrition and so on;
- The probability of contracting dysplasia of the cervical epithelium increases several times in those women who actively and long smoke;
- prolonged gynecological diseases and inflammatory processes that occur in the genitals;
- malfunctions in a hormonal background of an organism provoked by pregnancy, a menopause or reception of hormonal medicines;
- early sex life and childbearing at a tender age;
- injuries to the uterine neck.
Symptoms of cervical dysplasia
This disease has no inherent pattern of percolation, and most often it is in a latent form until it is found on the next appointment with a doctor. Most likely, it will be noticed on signs similar to cervicitis or colpitis, namely: itching and burning, as well as vaginal discharge, which have abnormal consistency and color, often with blood (especially after using a tampon or sex). Pain during cervical dysplasia is extremely rare. But this disease very often "cooperates" with chlamydia, gonorrhea and other gynecological and venereal infections.
Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia
The establishment of this disease is determined in several stages. For a start, the gynecologist performs an examination using vaginal mirrors. If visible signs of cervical dysplasia, such as spots, tissue overgrowth, etc., have been detected, colposcopy is prescribed. The last procedure consists in examining the vaginal neck using a special magnifying glass. Simultaneously, diagnostic tests are done with acetic acid or with Lugol's solution .
The next step is the sampling of the biomaterial for subsequent laboratory testing. It should show whether there are abnormal cells, whether there is papillomavirus, and where the focus of infection is. In addition, there is an opportunity to undergo a biopsy of the uterine neck and to pass the PCR. The latter methods are more accurate and informative.
Treatment of focal cervical dysplasia
The ways to fight this disease depend on a few nuances. The doctor makes the final decision based on the degree of dysplasia of the cervix in the woman, takes into account her age, the desire to maintain the ability to have children, the presence of other diseases and much more.
For example, mild dysplasia of the cervix is often cured by immunostimulating therapy. Quite often even cases of self-elimination of dysplasia, as a result of strong immunity. If periodic examinations at the gynecologist show that the disease does not regress,
Severe dysplasia of the cervix is eliminated either by removing the infected site, which is done with the use of a laser, liquid nitrogen, electrocoagulation and other methods, or a partial or complete removal of the uterine neck is prescribed. Surgical treatment of any degree of dysplasia of the cervix requires a certain recovery period, during which the woman will have to go through pain, abundant discharge and possible complications. All this can be avoided if one knows what dysplasia of the cervix looks like, and what are its initial signs.