Tranquilizers are psychotropic medications that are used to treat many diseases. And they are used not only in psychiatry, but also in oncology, neurology, surgery, dermatology, gynecology, narcology, etc. These tools have the following main actions:
- sedative;
- hypnotic;
- muscle relaxant;
- anticonvulsant;
- anti-anxiety.
By influencing the human body (mainly the central nervous system), these drugs help to relieve emotional tension, reduce anxiety, irritability, get rid of fear and insomnia, reduce psychomotor excitability, etc. There are several types of tranquilizers, each of which is characterized by different severity of action, intensity of properties and the ratio of effects produced. This is taken into account when choosing a drug for a particular patient. To date, the list of tranquilizers has more than one hundred drugs.
Classification of tranquilizers by generation
There are three generations of drugs in this group:
1. Tranquilizers of the first generation:
- Meprobamate;
- Hydroxysine;
- Benaktizine, etc.
2. Second-generation tranquilizers - preparations of benzodiazepine series.
3. Third Generation Tranquilizers:
- Buspirone;
- Oxymethylethylpyridine succinate;
- Etiofoxin et al.
The most common are second-generation drugs - benzodiazepines, which are divided into three groups according to the specific clinical effects:
1. Benzodiazepines with a pronounced anti-anxiety effect. Strong tranquilizers in the list of drugs of this group are:
- Phenazepam ;
- Diazepam;
- Lorazepam;
- Alprazolam et al.
A moderately pronounced effect is provided by such drugs as:
- Gidazepam;
- Chlordiazepoxide;
- Bromazepam;
- Clobazam;
- Oxazepam, etc.
2. Benzodiazepines with a pronounced hypnotic effect. Preparations of this group are mainly used as hypnotics. This list includes:
- Temazepam;
- Triazolam;
- Nitrazepam;
- Flurazepam;
- Flunitrazepam;
- Midazolam;
- Estazolam and others.
3. Benzodiazepines with pronounced anticonvulsant action. An intensive anticonvulsant effect is provided by such means as:
- Clonazepam;
- Diazepam.
The lighter tranquilizer in the list of this group is Nitrazepam.
Tranquilizers of new generation
In the list of drugs, tranquilizers of a new generation, buspirone occupies a special place, which is considered unique in neuropharmacology. This remedy is effective in the treatment of mixed anxiety-depressive conditions, panic disorders , etc. Unlike benzodiazepine drugs, Buspirone does not produce a sedative effect, a negative effect on psychomotor functions, does not cause addiction, drug dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
Effective and promising tranquilizer of the new generation is also Etytofoxine. It is devoid of a significant number of disadvantages of benzodiazepines and has a selective effect on the body.
List of daily tranquilizers
In a separate sub-group, daytime tranquilizers are singled out, which include drugs with a predominantly anti-anxiety effect and minimal expressed sedative, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. Such funds are appointed
- Trioxazine;
- Tofizopam;
- Gidazepam;
- Prazepam;
- Mebicar;
- Trimetozine;
- Fenibut and others.