Before taking the material, it is recommended that you follow the following rules:
- do not eat, drink or brush your teeth for two hours;
- clean the nasal passages from mucus accumulations.
Failure to comply with the preparation before taking a smear from the pharynx and nose to the microflora can cause unreliable results of the analysis.
The procedure for taking a smear from the mouth
Smears are taken separately from the pharynx and nose using sterile wire loops with a swab wool swab. The material is taken from the pharynx using a sterile spatula for pressing the root of the tongue. A sterile loop is carried out along the palatine arches, tonsils, and the back wall of the pharynx. In this case, it is necessary to exclude the touch of the loop to the tongue, teeth and walls of the oral cavity.
In the laboratory, the selected material is sown to various nutrient media. If the smear from the throat was taken to identify the causative agent of diphtheria, then the crop is produced on blood-tellurite agar. In the case of bacteriological analysis for the detection of another infection, the material is taken two times and placed in a test tube with sugar broth, and also on a slide. Materials on the glass are examined under a microscope, and the material from the tube is placed on other nutrient media in a day (Saburo medium, blood and chocolate agar, etc.).
Results of a smear from a pharynx
Consider what the smear from the pharynx shows. Normally, the microflora of the pharynx consists of epidermal staphylococcus, a green streptococcus, a small number of Candida fungi, and non-pathogenic Neisseria and pneumococci.
Disease-causing microorganisms that can be detected when analyzing a smear on the microflora from the throat:
- β-hemolytic streptococcus of group A;
- causative agent of pertussis;
- the causative agent of diphtheria is Leffler's bacillus;
- fungi Candida albikans, etc.
A smear from the pharynx on streptococcus is selected for suspected pneumonia, sore throat scarlatina, pharyngitis, etc. Streptococci causing the greatest number of human diseases belong to group A (pyogenic).
Streptococcal throat diseases occur quite often. Streptococcal angina can take place both in severe form with elevated temperature, and in mild, asymptomatic. In scarlet fever, there are symptoms of angina, which are accompanied by skin rash.
A smear from the pharynx on eosinophils is taken to exclude or confirm the allergic nature of the disease. Eosinophils are a type of leukocytes that participate in allergic reactions.
A smear from fauces to fungi involves the detection of diseases such as agranulocytosis, asthma with a predominance of the allergic component, etc.
A smear from the pharynx on staphylococcus is carried out for the diagnosis of staphylococcal infection.
Staphylococcus is classified as a conditionally pathogenic bacterium, that is, it is a microbe that causes disease only under certain conditions (reduced immunity, lack of vitamins, hypothermia). Virtually all diseases associated with staphylococcus mean
Staphylococcus bacteria are transmitted by airborne droplets, as well as by touching an infected object, a person or through food. Staphylococcus aureus is very stable in the external environment, and the treatment of staphylococcal diseases is a rather complicated process, these microbes quickly produce immunity to antibiotics. Therefore, a definite value in the analysis of the smear from the pharynx on staphylococcus is given to the detection of its sensitivity to these or other drugs for the purpose of effective treatment.