The oldest part of the capital of the Russian Federation, the city of Moscow, is the main public, political, artistic and historical complex of the Moscow Kremlin, which has been the presidential residence for many years. It is located on the Borovitsky hill on the left bank of the Moskva River. In addition to administrative and public buildings, there are several temples, cathedrals and churches. It is about the cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin, and we'll talk in more detail.
Assumption Cathedral
The main cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin is Uspensky, whose architecture is the oldest example of temple architecture. This is the only fully preserved structure in the state. The construction of the Assumption Cathedral, the pride of the Moscow Kremlin, began in the distant 1475. The construction was led by the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti. Four years later, in 1479, the cathedral opened its doors to the parishioners.
In 1955, the cathedral was given the status of a museum, and from 1960 it became part of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR. After the collapse of the Union, the Assumption Cathedral became part of the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Preserve "Moscow Kremlin". Since 1991, it is the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. The main relics of the cathedral are the staff of St. Peter and the Nail of the Lord.
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Blagoveshchensky cathedral
Among the temples on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin stands the Annunciation Cathedral, the iconostasis of which in 1405 consisted of icons written by Andrey Rublev and Theophanes the Greek. But the fire of 1547 destroyed the iconostasis, so the restorers selected for him the Deesis and Festive ancient ranks of the same period. Up to the present day, there is a wall painting executed in the beginning of the 16th century. Particular attention should be paid to the floor covering of the cathedral. It is made of delicate honey jasper.
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Cathedral of the Archangel
And the presentation of the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin begins with the fact that it took a modern look in 1505, replacing the wooden church built three centuries earlier. The project of a new stone temple was designed by Aleviz, the Italian architect. In the five-cupola six-pillared five-apse cathedral, built of white stone and brick, preserved patterns of painting of the 1650-1660-ies.
The territory and underground rooms of the Archangel Cathedral were used for burial of members of the royal family. Here are buried more than a hundred people.
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Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles
Not far from the Assumption Cathedral is the Patriarchal Palace with the Cathedral of 12 Apostles, which are also part of the Moscow Kremlin. The church was built according to the project of Russian masters Bazhen Ogurtsov and Antip Konstantinov by the decree of Patriarch Nikon. Earlier, on the site of the cathedral towered a wooden church and part of the court of Prince Boris Godunov. In the tsarist period the cathedral was used for daily worship. Only on the big holidays the service was conducted in the Assumption Cathedral.
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Verkhospassky Cathedral
On the territory of the Moscow Kremlin survived the Verkhospassky Cathedral, now inactive and closed to visitors. It is considered a church church, consisting of a whole complex of buildings. Initially, each chapel was built for every woman of the royal family. At the end of the 17th century, the architect Startsev managed to create a project, as a result of which individual church churches merged into a single complex under one roof. This cathedral was most often subjected to restructuring and completion, so its original appearance is not known exactly.
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The complex of the Moscow Kremlin also includes the Ivan the Great Belltower, and the Kazan Cathedral, which is located at the intersection of Red Square and Nikolskaya Street, is a separate structure. But the territorial proximity to the Moscow Kremlin led to the fact that in many guidebooks the cathedral was noted as part of the Kremlin complex.