Preparations with antibacterial activity are widely used to treat diseases caused by the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms. Given that microbes are able to adapt to the effects of such substances and continue to show resistance to them, new, stronger and more effective medicines are being developed.
Modern broad-spectrum antibiotics
A feature of the group of agents under consideration is that they are effective both for gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Modern antibiotics of the latest generation with a wide range of activity are of several varieties:
- monobactams (Azrethra);
- carbapenems (Meropenem, Imipenem, Primaxin, Cilastatin);
- glycopeptides (Teicoplanin);
- Oxazolidinones (Zyvox, Linezolid);
- fluoroquinolones (Avelox).
Also, macrolides of the third generation (Sumamed, Rulid, Roxithromycin), Fusidine and lincosamides (Lincomycin, Clindomycin), cephalosporins of 3rd and 4th generation can be referred to the described range of drugs:
- Tsefpir;
- Cefotaxime;
- Cefepime;
- Ceftazidime.
Among aminoglycosides, a wide spectrum of activity is possessed by:
- Iepamycin;
- Sisomycin;
- Nethylmycin;
- Tobramycin;
- Amicacin .
Rifamycins:
- Rifamid;
- Rifocin;
- Rifampicin.
List of specialized antibiotics of the latest generation
If the disease is caused by certain types of microorganisms, it is desirable to use drugs with a narrow focus. These drugs include new penicillins:
- Benzylpenicillin;
- Novobiocin;
- Ristomycin;
- Bacitracin.
Gram-negative bacteria are subject to therapy with polymyxins (E, M), polyene antibiotics:
- Levorin;
- Nystatin;
- Amphotericin B.
To combat fungi used:
- Mycoheptin;
- Amphoglucamine;
- Griseofulvin;
- Diflucan;
- Ankotil.
Modern antibiotics for bronchitis and pneumonia
Inflammatory pathologies of the respiratory tract are treated with antibacterial drugs, depending on the pathogen. So, with cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis infection, the following are prescribed:
- Ganciclovir;
- Cotrimoxazole;
- Cytotect;
- Acyclovir.
If the disease is provoked by fungi, Fluconazole is used in parallel with the third generation cephalosporins (Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone).
The predominance of Gram-positive coccal bacteria involves the reception:
- carbapines (Meronem, Tienam);
- cephalosporins of the 4th generation (Cefilin).
In the presence of gram-negative microbes:
- aminoglycosides (Netilmicin, Izepamycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin);
- cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (Cefotaxime).
Anaerobic infections require the use of penicillins (Linkomycin).
In the case of an atypical course of the disease and the predominance of intracellular microorganisms, macrolides are prescribed:
- Roxithromycin;
- Meadecamycin;
- Sumamed ;
- Clarithromycin.