Working conditions are all those factors that influence the worker, the environment around him at the workplace or place of work, the labor process itself. Safe working conditions are those that do not affect the employee, or this influence does not exceed the established standards. There are four main classes of all working conditions: optimal, acceptable, harmful and dangerous.
Harmful working conditions are the conditions of the working environment and the process itself that adversely affect the working person, and with sufficient duration or intensity of work, even various occupational diseases are caused. Dangerous and harmful working conditions can also cause complete or partial disability, exacerbation of somatic and other diseases, affect the health of offspring. Classification of harmful working conditions is carried out according to the degree of harmfulness.
- The first degree: working conditions cause functional changes that are restored by prolonged interruption of contact with harmful factors.
- Second degree: working conditions cause persistent functional changes leading to occupational diseases after long-term work (over 15 years).
- Third degree: working conditions cause persistent functional changes leading to occupational diseases, temporary disability in the period of work activity.
- Fourth degree: working conditions cause severe forms of occupational diseases, the growth of chronic diseases, complete loss of ability to work.
The list of harmful working conditions
Let's determine what working conditions are considered harmful. The list of harmful working conditions is represented by factors affecting the employee, his health status, and also on future offspring.
1. Physical factors:
- humidity and temperature, thermal and solar radiation, air speed;
- electromagnetic fields, pulses, radiation;
- electric fields and charged air particles;
- Laser, ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, ultra- and infrasound;
- vibration, aerosols and dust;
- insufficient or excessive lighting, pulsating, uneven.
2. Chemical factors: chemical mixtures and substances or biological substances obtained by chemical synthesis (antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, etc.).
3. Biological factors: biological mixtures and substances (microorganisms, cells and spores, bacteria).
4. Labor factors: severity, tension, duration of the labor process.
Occupations with hazardous working conditions are all those that include these factors and working conditions. Work with hazardous working conditions also includes certain benefits and benefits that must be provided to employees.
Leave for harmful working conditions
Every employee has the right to an annual paid vacation. In addition, those whose work contains harmful working conditions are entitled to additional leave. This is an additional paid vacation, which is provided in addition to the main one. According to the laws, those who:
- busy at work with harmful or dangerous working conditions;
- has a special nature of the work performed;
- has an irregular working day;
- works in specific areas, for example, in the Far North or others defined by law.
Benefits for harmful working conditions
In addition to paid additional leave, employees are also granted certain benefits for harmful working conditions. They include:
- old age pension on terms of benefits;
- reduced working hours or weeks;
- surcharges to wages;
- free receipt of milk or other equivalent food products.