Outside, the human body protects its largest organ, and therefore very vulnerable. The skin consists of 3 layers, epidermis, dermis and fatty tissue, each of which is prone to a variety of diseases. To timely start treatment it is important to know the forms and symptoms of such pathologies, their external manifestations.
Types of skin diseases
There are several options for classifying the described group of ailments depending on their location, the nature of the course, the clinical picture. For simplicity, skin diseases are usually distinguished according to the cause of the onset. By clarifying the factors that provoked the problem under consideration, it is easier to establish a correct diagnosis and to prescribe an effective therapy regimen.
Classification of dermatological diseases
By origin, the presented pathology group is divided into the following types:
- Bacterial diseases of the skin. They are caused mainly by staphylococci and streptococci, often accompanied by pustular processes.
- Viral lesions. The most common cause of skin diseases is herpes, it tends to recur.
- Fungal pathology. A distinctive feature of this group is the increased resistance to treatment.
- Parasitic skin diseases in humans. This type of ailments provoke microscopic organisms.
- Autoimmune diseases. They develop due to inadequate response of their own defense system.
- Oncological pathologies (skin cancer). The exact causes of their occurrence are still unknown.
Skin diseases - list
For information on any problem, it is important to know its exact name. Microbial dermatological skin disease - names:
- folliculitis ;
- acne;
- leprosy;
- impetigo ;
- balanitis;
- granulomatosis;
- furunculosis;
- ectyma;
- sycosis;
- small cell cellular keratolysis;
- erysipeloid;
- streptoderma ;
- meningococcemia;
- lymphangitis;
- erysipelas of the skin ;
- intertrigo;
- abscess;
- hydradenite and others.
Viral skin diseases:
- smallpox;
- herpes;
- molluscum contagiosum;
- shingles;
- warts;
- papillomas and others.
Fungal diseases:
- epidermophytia;
- candidiasis;
- seborrhea;
- knotty trichosporia;
- trichophytosis;
- colored lichen;
- scab;
- rubrophytia;
- microsporia and others.
Parasitic skin ailments:
- scabies;
- demodicosis;
- leishmaniasis;
- pediculosis and others.
Autoimmune diseases:
- hives;
- neurodermatitis;
- pemphigus;
- scleroderma;
- dermatomyositis;
- acrosclerosis;
- psoriasis;
- vasculitis;
- pemphigoid;
- systemic lupus erythematosus with manifestations on the skin;
- herpetiform dermatitis of Dühring;
- Chloasma and others.
Oncological diseases:
- adenocarcinoma;
- squamous cell carcinoma of the skin;
- basal cell;
- melanoma and others.
Symptoms of skin diseases
The clinical picture of dermatological pathologies corresponds to their type and severity. Skin diseases have common symptoms, among which can be observed:
- rashes;
- cracks;
- ulcers;
- redness, bruising and other skin tone changes;
- itching;
- acne;
- abscesses;
- outgrowths;
- peeling;
- erosion;
- dryness;
- blisters;
- change in skin pigmentation;
- inflammation;
- pustules, papules and the like.
Skin diseases on the face
The most common problem in the described area is acne. Acne is provoked by propionic bacteria, but various factors can stimulate their reproduction:
- hormonal imbalance;
- improper care;
- parasitic infections;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- violations of the work of immunity;
- bad habits;
- stress.
In addition to acne, pathologies often caused by other microbes, fungi, viruses and parasites are common. Visual symptoms of skin diseases of the face are reflected in the photo below:
- demodicosis;
- herpes;
- seborrheic dermatitis;
- rosacea;
- couperose;
- chloasma.
Skin diseases on the head
The epidermis of the hairy areas is also susceptible to dermatological diseases. Their main symptom is dandruff. Often, scalp diseases are accompanied by other characteristics:
- itching;
- hair loss;
- peeling;
- increased activity of sebaceous glands;
- cross-section of ends;
- fragility, brittleness and dullness of hair;
- a rash on the scalp;
- redness.
Common dermatological diseases of the hairy areas:
- seborrhea;
- ringworm;
- pediculosis;
- folliculitis.
Skin diseases on the body
The maximum amount of epidermis, dermis and fat protects the human torso. The most pronounced and extensive lesions are provoked by a skin disease of psoriasis, plaques sometimes cover up to 80% of the body. They have a specific appearance and structure, as seen in the photo, so the pathology is easily diagnosed even with a primary admission from a dermatologist.
Other common skin ailments on the body are:
- shingles;
- eczema;
- acne;
- pink lichen Zhibera;
- allergic dermatitis;
- hives;
- melanoma of the skin;
- warts.
Skin diseases on hands
The palms and hands constantly come into contact with contaminated surfaces, chemicals and other irritants. The result can be a skin disease dermatitis, which has an autoimmune (allergic) nature. It manifests itself in the form of a reddish rash, prone to fusion and the formation of extensive foci of inflammation, flaking and itching.
The following diseases can also be found on the skin of the hands:
- scabies;
- eczema;
- psoriasis;
- mycosis;
- felon;
- neurodermatitis;
- vitiligo;
- warts.
Skin diseases on legs
The feet are closed most of the time by shoes, are prone to rubbing and minor damage, which promotes reproduction and distribution of fungal infections. For this reason, the feet are often diagnosed with fungal diseases of smooth skin, accompanied by an unpleasant odor, exfoliation of the epidermis, destruction of the nails. Without treatment, such pathologies progress rapidly, transform into a chronic form.
Less often the legs are affected by other skin diseases, the symptoms of which are shown in the photo:
- dermatitis;
- psoriasis;
- hyperkeratosis;
- corn;
- plantar warts.
Skin diseases - diagnosis
To assign an adequate treatment to a dermatologist, it is necessary to find out the type of pathology and the cause of its occurrence. Human skin diseases are diagnosed by such methods:
- clinical examination with a specialist;
- anamnesis collection;
- registration of patient complaints and visual symptoms;
- the establishment of the presence of an isomorphic reaction;
- vit-rupression (diascopy, pressing on damaged areas with glass);
- layer-by-layer scraping;
- bacterioscopic or bacteriological examination;
- cytological analysis of prints, smears;
- establishment of the cellular composition of the liquid that is separated from the affected surface;
- histochemical and histological examination of the epidermis;
- dermatography or dermatoscopy;
- skin tests;
- serological tests;
- microscopic analysis of scraping.
In addition to specific methods of examination, general methods of diagnosing diseases are used. The following is required:
- blood (standard and biochemical, for sugar);
- urine;
- feces.
Depending on the expected causes of the disease, the dermatologist may recommend the following studies:
- hormonal panels;
- allergic tests;
- immune status;
- ultrasound diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract;
- virology and others.
Treatment of skin diseases
The therapeutic approach is chosen taking into account the cause of the established pathology. Diseases of the skin are treated with systemic and local drugs aimed at eliminating symptoms and fighting pathogens:
- anti-inflammatory;
- antibiotics;
- antiviral;
- corticosteroid or sex hormones;
- antihistamines;
- antifungal;
- antiseptics;
- antiparasitic;
- keratolytics and other groups of medicines.
In addition, phyto- and physiotherapy is used, the general methods of treatment are suitable irrespective of what skin disease was detected:
- rejection of harmful addictions;
- correction of the diet;
- normalization of the daily routine;
- choosing the right skin care;
- adherence to the drinking regime;
- reception of vitamins and microelements;
- implementation of hygiene standards.
Skin diseases and their prevention
Some dermatological ailments can not be prevented, especially if the medicine is still unknown cause of their occurrence, for example, psoriasis or eczema. In other cases, the prevention of skin diseases is reduced to the following recommendations:
- Correctly choose the cosmetics.
- Avoid visiting public places with high humidity (swimming pools, saunas, baths and beaches), where sanitary regulations are not observed.
- Adhere to hygienic rules, regularly take a shower, using a cosmetic soap (gel) and a loofah.
- Eliminate unprotected sex with unfamiliar partners.
- Keep your nails clean.
- Do not use other people's towels, washcloths, razors and other personal belongings.
- Do manicures, pedicures and hair removal only from certified masters who follow the sanitary rules.
- Follow the diet.
- Wash hands before eating, after going to the toilet and coming from the street.
- Use a disinfectant spray or napkins to treat the skin when traveling in public transport.
- Observe quarantine if a family member has contracted a dermatological disease.
- Do not contact infected people or animals.