The most difficult to treat are hereditary diseases associated with gene mutations. Such pathologies include cystic fibrosis, which has a fairly wide prevalence and a chronic lifelong course. There are several basic forms of this disease, they are classified in accordance with the zone and the extent of the defeat of internal organs.
What is cystic fibrosis or cystic fibrosis?
The disease described is a mutation of the CFTR gene responsible for the absorption of salts. Because of its pathological changes, secretion is secreted, which is produced by various glands in the body. Due to excessive intake of salt in the cells, as well as a lack of water, excretion of mucus is difficult and it lingers in the ducts, clogging them. After a while on the site of such "traffic jams" cysts are formed.
There are 3 main types of cystic fibrosis:
- bronchopulmonary;
- intestinal;
- mixed.
There are other zones that affect the disease, for example, there is cystic fibrosis of the lacteal and pancreas, the paranasal sinuses. They are rarely diagnosed, but no less dangerous than the above forms of genetic pathology.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis depend on the area of the lesion and the form of the disease, as well as the degree of its severity.
Cystic fibrosis of the lungs is manifested as follows:
- frequent attacks of a painful cough;
- difficulty in separating the sputum;
- dyspnea;
- progressive bronchitis;
- prolonged pneumonia;
- development of emphysema .
The intestinal appearance of cystic fibrosis is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- increased gassing;
- frequent stools;
- bloating ;
- cramping intense pain in the intestinal region;
- development of ulcerative processes.
Often, with this type of cystic fibrosis, the liver is affected. This is due to a violation of absorption and excretion of bile in the intestines, as a result of which it stagnates in the ducts, provoking
The most severe form of cystic fibrosis is mixed. It combines the signs of bronchopulmonary and digestive pathology simultaneously.
Treatment of cystic fibrosis or cystic fibrosis
It is impossible to get rid of the described illness forever, however, with the right symptomatic therapy, the quality of life of a person with cystic fibrosis is significantly improved.
In addition to the medicines prescribed by the doctor, the patient should correctly organize nutrition, regularly perform special physical exercises, respiratory gymnastics.