Aminoglycosides include a group of antibiotics characterized by a similar structure, the principle of action and a high degree of toxicity. Aminoglycoside preparations have a clear antimicrobial property and are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Classification of aminoglycosides
Depending on the field of application and frequency of development of resistance, four generations of drugs are allocated. Let's consider the basic characteristics and we will result the list of names of preparations-aminoglycosides.
First Generation Medicines
These are:
- Neomycin;
- Streptocin;
- Monomycin;
- Kanazin.
They are used in therapy against pathogens of tuberculosis and some atypical bacteria. Against staphylococci and most gram-negative bacteria, drugs are powerless. Now they practically do not use.
Aminoglycosides of the second generation
The representative of the second group of antibiotics-aminoglycosides is Gentamicin, which is more active than the previous group of drugs.
The third generation of aminoglycosides
The spectrum of influence of the third generation is similar to Gentamycin, however they are more effective against enterobacter, klebiciella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . This group includes:
- Sisomycin;
- Tobramycin;
- Amicacin.
The fourth generation
This group includes the antibiotic Izepamycin, which additionally has the ability to fight with nocardia, cytobacter, aeromonas.
Side effects of aminoglycosides
During the period of treatment with these medications, the patient may encounter a number of undesirable phenomena. The main drawback of drugs is toxicity. It manifests itself in the following manifestations:
- Ototoxicity, which leads to a drop in the severity of hearing, the appearance of noise in the ears, a feeling of stuffiness.
- Nephrotoxic effect, the signs of which are thirst, change in the amount of urine, reduction of glomerular filtration.
- Deterioration of coordination of movements and dizziness, which is especially characteristic of elderly people.
- On the part of the nervous system, numbness in the mouth, numbness, weakness, headache, convulsive twitchings, drowsiness are noted.
- The appearance of symptoms of neuromuscular blockade, manifested in worsening of respiratory functions up to paralysis responsible for breathing muscles, increases the risk with parallel administration of antibiotics-aminoglycosides with muscle relaxants and anesthetics, as well as with transfusion of citrated blood.
Signs of an allergic reaction are rare.